子宫内及儿童期的双酚A和邻苯二甲酸盐：与儿童BMI z评分及肥胖的关联
Bisphenol A and phthalates in utero and in childhood: association with child BMI z-score and adiposity.
作者信息
Yang Tiffany C, Peterson Karen E, Meeker John D, Sánchez Brisa N, Zhang Zhenzhen, Cantoral Alejandra, Solano Maritsa, Tellez-Rojo Martha M
机构信息
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2017 Jul;156:326-333. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.038. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between in utero and concurrent child urinary exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates with BMI z-score, waist circumference, and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness in Mexican children.
METHODS
Among participants (N=249) from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants study, we evaluated associations between maternal third trimester and concurrent urinary BPA and individual and summed phthalates metabolites (∑Di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate), ∑high molecular weight, ∑low molecular weight) with measures of weight status and adiposity in children aged 8-14 years. Linear regressions with specific-gravity corrected and natural log-transformed urinary concentrations were estimated, adjusting for covariates. Effect modification by sex was explored.
RESULTS
Prenatal urinary exposure to monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was inversely associated with child's BMI z-score (β=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.41, -0.02) and child urinary exposure to mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) was inversely associated with waist circumference (β=-1.85, 95%CI: -3.36, -0.35) and sum of skinfold thicknesses (β=-2.08, 95%CI: -3.80, -0.37) after adjusting for confounders. In the childhood exposure period, sex modified the relationships with BPA, MEHP, MBzP, monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP). In girls, increased BPA exposure was positively associated with sum of skinfold thickness (β=3.47, 95%CI: 0.05, 6.40) while increased MEHP was inversely associated with sum of skinfold thicknesses in boys (β=-2.95, 95%CI: -5.08, -0.82); these results remained in sensitivity analyses after excluding children who had initiated pubertal development (Tanner stage >1 for pubic hair). We did not observe relationships between summed phthalates metabolites at any exposure period with outcome measures.
CONCLUSION
Our results identified associations between urinary BPA and phthalates metabolites with measures of weight status and adiposity that differed by timing of exposure, sex, and pubertal status. Additional studies are needed to explore how associations may differ between those who are pre- and post-pubertal.
目的
评估墨西哥儿童子宫内及同时期儿童尿液中双酚A（BPA）和邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与BMI z评分、腰围以及肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度之和之间的关系。
方法
在墨西哥早期生命环境毒物暴露研究的参与者（N = 249）中，我们评估了孕晚期母亲尿液及同时期儿童尿液中BPA以及个体和总邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物（∑邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯、∑高分子量、∑低分子量）与8-14岁儿童体重状况和肥胖指标之间的关联。采用比重校正和自然对数转换后的尿液浓度进行线性回归分析，并对协变量进行调整。探讨了性别对效应的修饰作用。
结果
校正混杂因素后，产前尿液中邻苯二甲酸单苄酯（MBzP）暴露与儿童BMI z评分呈负相关（β = -0.21，95%CI：-0.41，-0.02），儿童尿液中邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（MEHP）暴露与腰围（β = -1.85，95%CI：-3.36，-0.35）和皮褶厚度之和（β = -2.08，95%CI：-3.80，-0.37）呈负相关。在儿童暴露期，性别对BPA、MEHP、MBzP、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（MEP）、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）酯（MEHHP）、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）酯（MEOHP）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）酯（MECPP）的关系有修饰作用。在女孩中，BPA暴露增加与皮褶厚度之和呈正相关（β = 3.47，95%CI：0.05，6.40），而在男孩中，MEHP增加与皮褶厚度之和呈负相关（β = -2.95，95%CI：-5.08，-0.82）；在排除已进入青春期发育（阴毛坦纳分期>1期）的儿童后，这些结果在敏感性分析中仍然存在。我们未观察到任何暴露期的总邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物与结局指标之间的关系。
结论
我们的结果确定了尿液中BPA和邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物与体重状况和肥胖指标之间的关联，这些关联因暴露时间、性别和青春期状态而异。需要进一步研究来探讨青春期前和青春期后人群之间的关联可能有何不同。
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