Ciacci C, Manti A, Canonico B, Campana R, Camisassi G, Baffone W, Canesi L
Department of Biomolecular Science (DISB), University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Italy.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2017 Jun;65:80-87. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
Marine bivalves are exposed to different types of bacteria in the surrounding waters, in particular of the Vibrio genus. In the hemocytes of the mussel Mytilus spp. immune responses to different vibrios have been largely characterized. However, little information is available on the hemocyte responses to human pathogenic vibrios commonly detected in coastal waters and bivalve tissues that are involved in seafood-borne diseases. In this work, functional parameters of the hemocytes from the Mediterranean mussel M. galloprovincialis were evaluated in response to in vitro challenge with different vibrios isolated from environmental samples of the Adriatic sea (Italy): V. parahaemolyticus Conero, V. alginolyticus 1513 and V. vulnificus 509. V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 43996 was used for comparison. At the 50:1 bacteria hemocyte ratio, only V. parahaemolyticus strains induced significant lysosomal membrane destabilisation. Stimulation of extracellular lysozyme release, total ROS, O and NO production were observed, although to different extents and with distinct time courses for different vibrios, V. vulnificus 509 in particular. Further comparisons between V. parahaemolyticus Conero and V. vulnificus 509 showed that only the latter induced dysregulation of the phosphorylation state of p38 MAP Kinase and apoptotic processes. The results indicate that mussel hemocytes can mount an efficient immune response towards V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus strains, whereas V. vulnificus 509 may affect the hemocyte function. This is the first report on immune responses of mussels to local environmental isolates of human pathogenic vibrios. These data reinforce the hypothesis that Mytilus hemocytes show specific responses to different vibrio species and strains.
海洋双壳贝类暴露于周围水域中的不同类型细菌，尤其是弧菌属细菌。在贻贝血细胞中，对不同弧菌的免疫反应已得到很大程度的表征。然而，关于血细胞对在沿海水域和双壳贝类组织中常见的、与食源性疾病有关的人类致病弧菌的反应，目前所知甚少。在这项研究中，评估了来自地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）的血细胞对从意大利亚得里亚海环境样本中分离出的不同弧菌的体外刺激的功能参数：副溶血性弧菌科内罗（V. parahaemolyticus Conero）、溶藻弧菌1513（V. alginolyticus 1513）和创伤弧菌509（V. vulnificus 509）。使用副溶血性弧菌ATCC 43996作为对照。在细菌与血细胞比例为50:1时，只有副溶血性弧菌菌株诱导了显著的溶酶体膜去稳定化。观察到细胞外溶菌酶释放、总活性氧、超氧阴离子和一氧化氮的产生，尽管不同弧菌的程度不同且时间进程各异，尤其是创伤弧菌509。副溶血性弧菌科内罗与创伤弧菌509之间的进一步比较表明，只有后者诱导了p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸化状态的失调和凋亡过程。结果表明，贻贝血细胞能够对副溶血性弧菌和溶藻弧菌菌株产生有效的免疫反应，而创伤弧菌509可能会影响血细胞功能。这是关于贻贝对人类致病弧菌的本地环境分离株免疫反应的首次报告。这些数据强化了贻贝血细胞对不同弧菌种类和菌株表现出特异性反应的假说。
