Tafti Laleh Dehghani, Shariatpanahi Seyyed Mahyar, Damghani Mahmoud Mahdavi, Javadi Behjat
Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2017 Mar;20(3):222-241. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8349.
Drug delivery across the skin is used for several millennia to ease gastrointestinal (GI) ailments in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM). TPM topical remedies are generally being applied on the stomach, lower abdomen, lower back and liver to alleviate GI illnesses such as dyspepsia, gastritis, GI ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal worms and infections. The aim of the present study is to survey the topical GI remedies and plant species used as ingredients for these remedies in TPM. In addition, pharmacological activities of the mentioned plants have been discussed. For this, we searched major TPM textbooks to find plants used to cure GI problems in topical use. Additionally, scientific databases were searched to obtain pharmacological data supporting the use of TPM plants in GI diseases. and are among the most frequently mentioned ingredients of TPM remedies. β-asarone, amygdalin, boswellic acids, guggulsterone, crocin, crocetin, isomasticadienolic acid, and cyclotides are the most important phytochemicals present in TPM plants with GI-protective activities. Pharmacological studies demonstrated GI activities for TPM plants supporting their extensive traditional use. These plants play pivotal role in alleviating GI disorders through exhibiting numerous activities including antispasmodic, anti-ulcer, anti-secretory, anti-colitis, anti-diarrheal, antibacterial and anthelmintic properties. Several mechanisms underlie these activities including the alleviation of oxidative stress, exhibiting cytoprotective activity, down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokines, suppression of the cellular signaling pathways of inflammatory responses, improving re-epithelialization and angiogenesis, down-regulation of anti-angiogenic factors, blocking activity of acetylcholine, .
数千年来，经皮给药在传统波斯医学（TPM）中被用于缓解胃肠道（GI）疾病。TPM外用疗法通常应用于胃部、下腹部、下背部和肝脏，以缓解消化不良、胃炎、胃溃疡、炎症性肠病、肠道寄生虫和感染等胃肠道疾病。本研究的目的是调查TPM中的外用胃肠道疗法以及用作这些疗法成分的植物种类。此外，还讨论了上述植物的药理活性。为此，我们检索了主要的TPM教科书，以找到用于局部治疗胃肠道问题的植物。此外，还检索了科学数据库，以获取支持TPM植物用于胃肠道疾病的药理数据。[此处原文可能有缺失内容]是TPM疗法中最常提到的成分。β-细辛醚、苦杏仁苷、乳香酸、古芸烯酮、藏红花素、藏红花酸、异马斯坦二烯酸和环肽是TPM植物中具有胃肠道保护活性的最重要的植物化学物质。药理研究表明TPM植物具有胃肠道活性，支持其广泛的传统用途。这些植物通过表现出包括解痉、抗溃疡、抗分泌、抗结肠炎、止泻、抗菌和驱虫特性在内的多种活性，在缓解胃肠道疾病方面发挥着关键作用。这些活性有多种机制，包括减轻氧化应激、表现出细胞保护活性、下调炎症细胞因子、抑制炎症反应的细胞信号通路、改善再上皮化和血管生成、下调抗血管生成因子、阻断乙酰胆碱活性等。
