Klackl Johannes, Jonas Eva, Fritsche Immo
a Department of Psychology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.
b Department of Psychology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.
Soc Neurosci. 2018 Jun;13(3):355-371. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1308880. Epub 2017 Apr 10.
According to threat-general perspectives, existentially threatening prospects such as the inevitability of mortality or uncontrollability represent motivational discrepancies that activate the behavioral inhibition system (BIS). The aim of the present paper is to test this claim using neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods. In Study 1, we used neuroimaging to show that both mortality- and uncontrollability-related stimuli elicit activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, which is a key BIS region in humans. Focusing on the idea that BIS activation is associated with increased attention, Study 2 used electroencephalography to demonstrate that both mortality- and uncontrollability-related stimuli enhanced the late positive potential, an indicator of motivated attention. Together, these studies provide support for the model's prediction that existential threat activates the BIS.
根据威胁一般观点，诸如死亡必然性或不可控性等存在性威胁前景代表了激活行为抑制系统（BIS）的动机差异。本文的目的是使用神经成像和神经生理学方法来检验这一说法。在研究1中，我们使用神经成像表明，与死亡和不可控性相关的刺激都会引起前扣带回皮层的激活，而前扣带回皮层是人类BIS的关键区域。基于BIS激活与注意力增强相关的观点，研究2使用脑电图证明，与死亡和不可控性相关的刺激都会增强晚期正电位，这是动机性注意力的一个指标。总之，这些研究为该模型关于存在性威胁激活BIS的预测提供了支持。
