Reiss Stefan, Leen-Thomele Eline, Klackl Johannes, Jonas Eva
Department of Psychology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria.
Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2021 Apr;15(4):e12588. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12588. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
Over the recent years, research in the field of threat and defense has accumulated evidence on how encounters with various psychological threats influence human behavior, cognition, motivation, affect, and health. Unifying different theoretical threat models, the General Process Model of Threat and Defense claims that different threatening concerns have a similar underlying dynamic. Some years after the publication of this theory, we deem it important to take a comparative look at psychological threat, comparing threats regarding their properties and outcomes on personal and social level. As potential dimensions to describe psychological threats, we discuss the existential nature of concerns, phenomenological worlds involved, and thwarted needs in threat encounters. We also discuss data-driven approaches to threat classifications, describing first empirical efforts to create threat taxonomies, and suggest directions for future research. This research will enhance our understanding of threat dynamics, and will help us make stronger, more clear-cut assumptions about human behavior upon experiencing threat.
近年来，威胁与防御领域的研究积累了诸多证据，揭示了遭遇各种心理威胁如何影响人类行为、认知、动机、情感和健康。统一不同的理论威胁模型后，威胁与防御通用过程模型宣称，不同的威胁关注点具有相似的潜在动态。该理论发表数年之后，我们认为有必要对心理威胁进行比较研究，比较不同威胁在个人和社会层面的属性及结果。作为描述心理威胁的潜在维度，我们探讨了关注点的存在本质、所涉及的现象学世界以及威胁遭遇中受阻的需求。我们还讨论了基于数据驱动的威胁分类方法，介绍了创建威胁分类法的初步实证研究，并提出了未来研究的方向。这项研究将增进我们对威胁动态的理解，并有助于我们在面对威胁时对人类行为做出更有力、更明确的假设。
