Deng Y, Tian X, Chen B Y, Zhou N, Xia M, Bai W W, Dou M M, Liu X Y
General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2017 Apr 12;40(4):258-262. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.04.003.
To investigate the variation of electroencephalograph(EEG) power density during different sleep stages in OSA for understanding of the mechanisms underlying the brain dysfunction in OSA as well as its earlier diagnosis and treatment. Sixteen-channel EEGs from OSA patients and normal controls in stage wake, sleep stage 1, sleep stage 2, sleep stage 3 and rapid eye movement stage were analyzed by time-frequency analysis method. The EEG power density in different frequency bands (including δ, θ, α, σ, β and γ) was respectively compared between the 2 groups. The correlation between the variation in the EEG power and primary indices of polysomnography was further analyzed. The EEG power density in δ band in stage wake [OSA: (0.82±0.13) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (0.66±0.02) μV(2)/Hz, =4.309, <0.05], stage 1 [OSA: (1.28±0.07) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (0.92±0.04) μV(2)/Hz, =-3.369, <0.05] and stage 3 [OSA: (2.74±0.22) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (2.04±0.07) μV(2)/Hz, =-2.669, <0.05] was significantly higher in OSA, compared with that in the control. Statistical analysis showed that the EEG power density was significantly higher in frontal and central regions in stage wake [frontal: OSA: (0.90±0.02) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (0.66±0.02) μV(2)/Hz, =8.539, <0.01; central: OSA: (1.15±0.06) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (0.72±0.02) μV(2)/Hz, =6.669, <0.01] and stage 1 [frontal: OSA: (1.23±0.03) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (0.99±0.03) μV(2)/Hz, =5.983, <0.01; central: OSA: (1.52±0.05) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (1.14±0.04) μV(2)/Hz, =5.714, <0.01], as well as central region in stage 3 [OSA: (3.24±0.17) μV(2)/Hz, Control: (2.71±0.08) μV(2)/Hz, =2.707, <0.05]. The correlation analysis showed that the power density in central region in stage 1 and stage 3 was positively correlated with arousal index (=0.877 in stage 1, 0.656 in stage 3), implying that sleep fragmentation was closely related to the variation of EEG power density during nocturnal sleep in OSA. The feature stages for OSA are stage wake, stage 1 and stage 3. The EEG power density in OSA (δ band) was significantly higher than that in the control. The EEG power density in OSA and the control shows differences in frontal and central regions in stage wake and stage 1, as well as in central region in stage 3. The results indicate that low-frequency EEG power density giving priority to frontal area and central area has improved in severe OSA, which may be related to the neurologic deficits in corresponding brain areas.
为研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患者不同睡眠阶段脑电图（EEG）功率密度的变化，以了解OSA脑功能障碍的潜在机制及其早期诊断和治疗方法。采用时频分析方法，分析了OSA患者和正常对照在清醒期、睡眠1期、睡眠2期、睡眠3期和快速眼动期的16通道脑电图。比较了两组在不同频段（包括δ、θ、α、σ、β和γ）的EEG功率密度。进一步分析了EEG功率变化与多导睡眠图主要指标之间的相关性。与对照组相比，OSA患者在清醒期[OSA：（0.82±0.13）μV²/Hz，对照组：（0.66±0.02）μV²/Hz，t = 4.309，P < 0.05]、睡眠1期[OSA：（1.28±0.07）μV²/Hz，对照组：（0.92±0.04）μV²/Hz，t = -3.369，P < 0.05]和睡眠3期[OSA：（2.74±0.22）μV²/Hz，对照组：（2.04±0.07）μV²/Hz，t = -2.669，P < 0.05]的δ频段EEG功率密度显著更高。统计分析表明，清醒期[额叶：OSA：（0.90±0.02）μV²/Hz，对照组：（0.66±0.02）μV²/Hz，t = 8.539，P < 0.01；中央区：OSA：（1.15±0.06）μV²/Hz，对照组：（0.72±0.02）μV²/Hz，t = 6.669，P < 0.01]和睡眠1期[额叶：OSA：（1.23±0.03）μV²/Hz，对照组：（0.99±0.03）μV²/Hz，t = 5.983，P < 0.01；中央区：OSA：（1.52±0.05）μV²/Hz，对照组：（1.14±0.04）μV²/Hz，t = 5.714，P < 0.01]额叶和中央区的EEG功率密度显著更高，睡眠3期中央区也是如此[OSA：（3.24±0.17）μV²/Hz，对照组：（2.71±0.08）μV²/Hz，t = 2.707，P < 0.05]。相关性分析表明，睡眠1期和睡眠3期中央区的功率密度与觉醒指数呈正相关（睡眠1期r = 0.877，睡眠3期r = 0.656），这意味着睡眠片段化与OSA夜间睡眠期间EEG功率密度的变化密切相关。OSA的特征阶段是清醒期、睡眠1期和睡眠3期。OSA患者（δ频段）的EEG功率密度显著高于对照组。OSA组和对照组在清醒期和睡眠1期的额叶和中央区以及睡眠3期的中央区EEG功率密度存在差异。结果表明，以额叶和中央区为主的低频EEG功率密度在重度OSA中有所升高，这可能与相应脑区的神经功能缺损有关。
