Fuhrmann Gregor, Neuer Anna Lena, Herrmann Inge K
Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2017 Sep;118:56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing attention as novel disease biomarkers and as promising therapeutic agents. These cell-derived, phospholipid-based particles are present in many - if not all - physiological fluids. They have been shown to govern several physiological processes, such as cell-cell communication, but also to be involved in pathological conditions, for example tumour progression. In infectious diseases, EVs have been shown to induce host immune responses and to mediate transfer of virulence or resistance factors. Here, we discuss recent developments in using EVs as diagnostic tools for infectious diseases, the development of EV-based vaccines and the use of EVs as potential anti-infective entity. We illustrate how EV-based strategies could open a viable new avenue to tackle current challenges in the field of infections, including barrier penetration and growing resistance to antimicrobials.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）作为新型疾病生物标志物和有前景的治疗剂，越来越受到关注。这些源自细胞、基于磷脂的颗粒存在于许多（如果不是所有的话）生理流体中。它们已被证明可调控多种生理过程，如细胞间通讯，但也参与病理状况，例如肿瘤进展。在传染病中，EVs已被证明可诱导宿主免疫反应并介导毒力或抗性因子的转移。在此，我们讨论将EVs用作传染病诊断工具的最新进展、基于EVs的疫苗的开发以及将EVs用作潜在抗感染实体的情况。我们举例说明基于EVs的策略如何能够开辟一条可行的新途径来应对感染领域当前的挑战，包括突破屏障和日益增长的抗菌耐药性。
