Odabasi Mustafa, Dumanoglu Yetkin, Kara Melik, Altiok Hasan, Elbir Tolga, Bayram Abdurrahman
Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Izmir, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 May;24(15):13749-13759. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8991-8. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
Concurrent coastal seawater (n = 22), sediment (n = 22), and atmospheric samples (n = 10) were collected in the Aliaga industrial region, Turkey, to explore the spatial variation, sources, and air-seawater exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Seawater ΣPAH concentrations (particle + dissolved) ranged between 5107 and 294,624 pg L, while ΣPCB concentrations were in the range of 880-50,829 pg L. Levels in sediments were highly variable ranging between 35.5-49,682 and 2.7-2450 μg kg in dry weight for ΣPAHs and ΣPCBs, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations varied between 1791-274,974 and 104-20,083 pg m for ΣPAHs and ΣPCBs, respectively. Sediment organic matter (OM) content and levels of ΣPAHs and ΣPCBs correlated weakly (r = 0.19-0.23, p < 0.05) suggesting that the spatial variations of PAHs and PCBs were mainly affected by local sources rather than their sorption to OM. The geographical distribution of PAH and PCB concentrations in air, seawater, and sediment and factor analysis on the sediment levels pointed out that the major sources in the region are steel plants, petroleum refinery, petrochemical complex, ship breaking, loading/unloading activities at the ports, vehicular emissions, and fossil fuel combustion emissions. The direction of the air-seawater exchange was also explored by estimating seawater fugacity fractions of PAHs and PCBs. For PAHs, the number of cases implying deposition (43.0%) and volatilization (39.5%) was similar, while for PCBs, the number of cases implying volatilization (60.4%) was much higher compared to deposition (21.6%). Fugacity fractions were generally <0.36 (deposition) at the sites close to industrial and ship breaking activities where the highest seawater and sediment levels were measured, implying that atmospheric deposition is an important mechanism affecting seawater and sediment PAH and PCB levels.
在土耳其的阿利亚加工业区采集了同期的沿海海水样本（n = 22）、沉积物样本（n = 22）和大气样本（n = 10），以探究多环芳烃（PAHs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）的空间变化、来源以及空气 - 海水交换情况。海水总PAH浓度（颗粒态 + 溶解态）在5107至294,624 pg/L之间，而总PCB浓度在880 - 50,829 pg/L范围内。沉积物中PAHs和PCBs的含量变化很大，干重下总PAHs在35.5 - 49,682 μg/kg之间，总PCBs在2.7 - 2450 μg/kg之间。大气浓度方面，总PAHs在1791 - 274,974 pg/m³之间，总PCBs在104 - 20,083 pg/m³之间。沉积物有机质（OM）含量与总PAHs和总PCBs水平的相关性较弱（r = 0.19 - 0.23，p < 0.05），这表明PAHs和PCBs的空间变化主要受当地来源影响，而非它们对OM的吸附作用。空气、海水和沉积物中PAH和PCB浓度的地理分布以及沉积物水平的因子分析指出，该地区的主要来源是钢铁厂、炼油厂、石化综合体、拆船业、港口装卸活动、车辆排放和化石燃料燃烧排放。还通过估算PAHs和PCBs的海水逸度分数来探究空气 - 海水交换的方向。对于PAHs，意味着沉降（43.0%）和挥发（39.5%）的情况数量相似，而对于PCBs，意味着挥发（60.4%）的情况数量比沉降（21.6%）高得多。在靠近工业和拆船活动、海水和沉积物水平最高的站点，逸度分数通常<0.36（沉降），这意味着大气沉降是影响海水和沉积物中PAH和PCB水平的重要机制。
