Kushner Lynne I, Fan Bin, Shofer Frances S
Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 35762, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2002 Jul;29(3):140-149. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00084.x. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
To determine if intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) can be used in cats without resulting in excessive plasma lidocaine concentrations or adverse cardiovascular effects.
Prospective, blinded crossover study.
Seven healthy male young adult cats weighing 3.96 ± 0.63 kg.
At 2.3% end-tidal isoflurane concentration, lidocaine (L) 3 mg kg (1%) or saline (S) was injected in a distal cephalic venous catheter after application of two tourniquets to that forelimb which remained in place for 20 minutes. Heart and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressures and ECG were recorded every 5 minutes during tourniquet application and for 20 minutes following tourniquet removal. Lidocaine plasma concentrations were measured 5 minutes after injection and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 20 and 40 minutes after tourniquet removal. End tidal isoflurane concentrations were reduced to 1.5-2.0% to elicit a response to toe pinch (RTP) in the contralateral leg. The study was repeated similarly in the contralateral leg and RTP was graded for 40 minutes. Response was also tested in the leg previously injected, the differences between the two scores determined and those differences compared between the L and S treatments. The data were analyzed using anova for repeated measures comparing values to baseline. Significance was set at p < 0.005 using the Bonferroni method for multiple comparisons.
There were no significant differences in physiologic parameters at either isoflurane concentration. Differences in RTP were significantly larger in the lidocaine treatment. The highest mean lidocaine concentrations were measured 0.5 minutes after tourniquet removal after both injections and were 2.79 ± 1.05 and 3.10 ± 1.11 μg mL. The highest individual plasma concentration was 6.46 μg mL.
No adverse hemodynamic effects were evident after IVRA lidocaine in any cat. The lidocaine dose studied inhibited a RTP until 20 minutes after tourniquet removal. Lidocaine concentrations varied and were measurable prior to tourniquet removal.
IVRA may be a suitable technique for cats undergoing surgery of the distal limbs.
确定静脉区域麻醉（IVRA）能否用于猫，而不导致血浆利多卡因浓度过高或产生不良心血管效应。
前瞻性、盲法交叉研究。
7只健康雄性青年猫，体重3.96±0.63千克。
在呼气末异氟烷浓度为2.3%时，在前肢应用两个止血带后，通过远端头静脉导管注射3毫克/千克（1%）利多卡因（L）或生理盐水（S），止血带保持在位20分钟。在止血带应用期间每5分钟记录一次心率、呼吸频率、动脉血压和心电图，并在止血带移除后记录20分钟。注射后5分钟以及止血带移除后0.5、1、2、4、8、20和40分钟测量利多卡因血浆浓度。将呼气末异氟烷浓度降至1.5 - 2.0%，以引发对侧腿部对脚趾捏压（RTP）的反应。在对侧腿部进行类似研究，并对RTP进行40分钟评分。还对先前注射的腿部进行反应测试，确定两个评分之间的差异，并比较L和S治疗之间的差异。使用重复测量方差分析将数据与基线值进行比较。采用Bonferroni多重比较法，显著性设定为p < 0.005。
在任一异氟烷浓度下，生理参数均无显著差异。利多卡因治疗组的RTP差异显著更大。两次注射后，止血带移除后0.5分钟测得的利多卡因平均浓度最高，分别为2.79±1.05和3.10±1.11微克/毫升。最高个体血浆浓度为6.46微克/毫升。
在任何猫中，IVRA利多卡因后均未出现明显的不良血流动力学效应。所研究的利多卡因剂量直到止血带移除后20分钟才抑制RTP。在止血带移除前，利多卡因浓度有所变化且可测量。
IVRA可能是适用于远端肢体手术猫的一种技术。
