Martinovic M, Belojevic G, Evans G W, Kavaric N, Asanin B, Pantovic S, Jaksic M, Boljevic J
Medical Faculty, Department for Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Public Health. 2017 Jun;147:15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.02.007. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
In one of the few national studies of children in a former Eastern bloc country emerging as a Western democracy and the first such study ever in Montenegro, this study establishes the prevalence and correlates of childhood hypertension (CH).
A cross-sectional national study.
The study was conducted with 3254 children aged 7-13 years (50.3% male) from 39 elementary schools. We used a structured questionnaire to gather sociodemographic information as well as data on factors potentially related to CH. Children's nutritional status was assessed using the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Waist circumference was also measured. Blood pressure was measured in schools using an oscillometric monitor. CH was defined as an average systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for sex, age, and height.
The prevalence of CH was 10.4% with no differences between boys and girls. Multiple regression revealed that the odds for child hypertension were lowered by 10% for each year of age. On the other hand, rural environment and child obesity raised the odds of hypertension by 38% and 68%, respectively.
We found hypertension in one out of ten Montenegrin schoolchildren, with no gender differences. Obesity and rural areas may be unfriendly to children's blood pressure.
在为数不多的关于一个从前的东欧国家（现正成为西方民主国家）儿童的全国性研究中，且是黑山有史以来的首个此类研究，本研究确定了儿童高血压（CH）的患病率及其相关因素。
一项全国性横断面研究。
该研究对来自39所小学的3254名7至13岁儿童（50.3%为男性）进行。我们使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学信息以及与儿童高血压潜在相关因素的数据。儿童的营养状况根据国际肥胖问题工作组的标准进行评估。还测量了腰围。在学校使用示波监测仪测量血压。儿童高血压定义为平均收缩压和/或舒张压大于或等于按性别、年龄和身高划分的第95百分位数。
儿童高血压的患病率为10.4%，男孩和女孩之间无差异。多元回归显示，年龄每增加一岁，儿童患高血压的几率降低10%。另一方面，农村环境和儿童肥胖使高血压几率分别提高了38%和68%。
我们发现十分之一的黑山学童患有高血压，无性别差异。肥胖和农村地区可能对儿童血压不利。
