Maiti Muktisadhan, Bandyopadhyay Lina
Department of PSM, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Postgrad Med J. 2017 Nov;93(1105):648-652. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134227. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
High blood pressure in childhood is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The roots of essential hypertension in adults may be initiated in childhood. This study was conducted to investigate blood pressure profiles of adolescent schoolchildren in the practice field area of the Urban Health Centre, Chetla, Kolkata.
This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hypertension in adolescent schoolchildren, to compare the blood pressure between boys and girls, and to study the association between selected variables and blood pressure.
The study was conducted among adolescent schoolchildren aged 10-19 years in two randomly selected secondary schools situated in the practice field area of the Urban Health Centre, Chetla, Kolkata. All students aged 10-19 years present on the day of the visit were included in the study; the sample was 129. A predesigned questionnaire was used to carry out the study. Measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were made using standardised physical instruments following standard operative guidelines. The data were collected and analysed using appropriate statistical methods.
The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 10.1% (11.1% in boys and 8.8% in girls). The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 20.2% (16.7% in boys and 24.6% in girls). Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with physical exercise (p<0.05) and salt intake (p<0.05); BMI was also significantly associated with both systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). There was a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with BMI (r=0.303, p<0.05; r=0.262, p<0.05), age (r=0.326, p<0.05; r=0.267, p<0.05) and height (r=0.322, p<0.05; r=0.174, p<0.05). There was a negative correlation between hypertension and physical exercise (r=-0.313, p<0.05) and a positive correlation between hypertension and salt intake (r=0.298, p<0.05).
The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension together in adolescents was 30.3%. To avoid the consequences and sequelae of hypertension, prevention should start from childhood by encouraging physical exercise, promoting low salt intake, advising on maintaining normal body weight, and checking up on blood pressure at regular intervals.
儿童高血压是心血管和脑血管疾病的潜在危险因素。成人原发性高血压的根源可能始于儿童期。本研究旨在调查加尔各答切特拉城市健康中心实践区域内青少年学童的血压情况。
本横断面研究旨在确定青少年学童高血压的患病率，比较男孩和女孩的血压，并研究选定变量与血压之间的关联。
该研究在加尔各答切特拉城市健康中心实践区域内两所随机选取的中学中10至19岁的青少年学童中进行。所有在访问当天年龄在10至19岁的学生均纳入研究；样本量为129名。使用预先设计的问卷进行研究。按照标准操作指南，使用标准化物理仪器测量身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）和血压。使用适当的统计方法收集和分析数据。
高血压患病率为10.1%（男孩为11.1%，女孩为8.8%）。高血压前期患病率为20.2%（男孩为16.7%，女孩为24.6%）。发现高血压与体育锻炼（p<0.05）和盐摄入量（p<0.05）显著相关；BMI也与收缩压（p<0.05）和舒张压（p<0.05）显著相关。收缩压和舒张压与BMI（r=0.303，p<0.05；r=0.262，p<0.05）、年龄（r=0.326，p<0.05；r=0.267，p<0.05）和身高（r=0.322，p<0.05；r=0.174，p<0.05）之间存在显著（p<0.05）正相关。高血压与体育锻炼之间存在负相关（r=-0.313，p<0.05），与盐摄入量之间存在正相关（r=0.298，p<0.05）。
青少年高血压前期和高血压的总患病率为30.3%。为避免高血压的后果和后遗症，预防应从儿童期开始，鼓励体育锻炼、促进低盐饮食、建议保持正常体重并定期检查血压。
