Rapozo Davy C M, Bernardazzi Claudio, de Souza Heitor Siffert Pereira
Davy C M Rapozo, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-130, Brazil.
World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Mar 28;23(12):2124-2140. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2124.
Bacterial colonization of the gut shapes both the local and the systemic immune response and is implicated in the modulation of immunity in both healthy and disease states. Recently, quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been detected in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, reinforcing the hypothesis of dysbiosis as a relevant mechanism underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Humans and microbes have co-existed and co-evolved for a long time in a mutually beneficial symbiotic association essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, the microbiome is dynamic, changing with age and in response to environmental modifications. Among such environmental factors, food and alimentary habits, progressively altered in modern societies, appear to be critical modulators of the microbiota, contributing to or co-participating in dysbiosis. In addition, food constituents such as micronutrients are important regulators of mucosal immunity, with direct or indirect effects on the gut microbiota. Moreover, food constituents have recently been shown to modulate epigenetic mechanisms, which can result in increased risk for the development and progression of IBD. Therefore, it is likely that a better understanding of the role of different food components in intestinal homeostasis and the resident microbiota will be essential for unravelling the complex molecular basis of the epigenetic, genetic and environment interactions underlying IBD pathogenesis as well as for offering dietary interventions with minimal side effects.
肠道的细菌定植塑造了局部和全身免疫反应，并与健康和疾病状态下的免疫调节有关。最近，在克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎中检测到肠道微生物群组成的定量和定性变化，强化了生态失调是炎症性肠病（IBD）发病机制相关机制的假说。人类和微生物在维持体内平衡所必需的互利共生关系中已经共存并共同进化了很长时间。然而，微生物组是动态的，会随着年龄和环境变化而改变。在这些环境因素中，现代社会中逐渐改变的食物和饮食习惯似乎是微生物群的关键调节因子，促成或共同参与生态失调。此外，微量营养素等食物成分是黏膜免疫的重要调节因子，对肠道微生物群有直接或间接影响。此外，最近研究表明食物成分可调节表观遗传机制，这可能导致IBD发生和进展的风险增加。因此，更好地了解不同食物成分在肠道稳态和常驻微生物群中的作用，对于阐明IBD发病机制背后表观遗传、遗传和环境相互作用的复杂分子基础以及提供副作用最小的饮食干预措施可能至关重要。
