a Department of Family and Consumer Studies , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , USA.
b Economics Department , Idaho State University.
Ethn Health. 2019 Feb;24(2):147-167. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1315529. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
Ethnic and racial health disparities have been well-documented in the scholarly literature. In recent years, evidence about time spent in physical (in)activity and its relationship to physical and mental health has also emerged. This study assesses if observed ethnic/racial health differences were associated with differences in time use.
Our analyses utilized baseline data from 510 Utah women who enrolled in one of two community-based, participatory research intervention studies between 2012 and 2015. The distinct racial/ethnic groups included African immigrants, African Americans, Latinas, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and rural White, Non-Latina women. In the baseline survey, respondents reported the typical time they spent in paid employment, television/movie viewing, physical activity, food preparation/clean-up, and sleep. Cluster analysis was used to identify seven distinct patterns of time use within these five activities. We related these time use patterns along with race/ethnicity, socio-demographics, and other potentially contributing health-related factors (e.g. smoking status) to two health outcomes: (1) self-reported health status, and (2) depression.
Our time use clusters revealed heterogeneity by racial/ethnic groups, suggesting that some of the health effects that may have been previously ascribed to group membership should instead be attributed to (un)healthy patterns of time use. In particular, spending too much time in sedentary activities such as watching television/movies and too little time sleeping both linked to poor physical and mental health, independently of racial/ethnic group membership.
Researchers and policy makers designing culturally sensitive physical activity health-related interventions should consider patterns of time use that are associated with poor health. Programs designed to improve sleep time and reduce sedentary television-viewing time may be as important as interventions designed to increase physical activity time. These broader patterns of time use mediated the relationships between race/ethnicity and physical and mental health for the women in our study.
在学术文献中，种族和民族健康差异得到了充分的记录。近年来，关于体力活动时间及其与身心健康关系的证据也已经出现。本研究评估观察到的种族/民族健康差异是否与时间利用的差异有关。
我们的分析利用了 2012 年至 2015 年间参加两项基于社区的参与式研究干预研究的 510 名犹他州女性的基线数据。不同的种族/民族群体包括非洲移民、非裔美国人、拉丁裔、夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民、美洲原住民/阿拉斯加原住民和农村白人、非拉丁裔女性。在基线调查中，受访者报告了他们在有偿工作、看电视/看电影、体育活动、准备/清理食物和睡眠方面的典型时间。聚类分析用于在这五个活动中识别七种不同的时间利用模式。我们将这些时间利用模式与种族/民族、社会人口统计学和其他可能影响健康的相关因素（例如吸烟状况）联系起来，以了解两个健康结果：（1）自我报告的健康状况，（2）抑郁。
我们的时间利用聚类显示出种族/民族群体的异质性，这表明以前归因于群体成员的一些健康影响可能应该归因于（不健康）时间利用模式。特别是，花太多时间从事看电视/电影等久坐不动的活动，以及睡眠时间太少，都与身心健康不佳独立相关，而与种族/民族群体成员身份无关。
设计针对文化敏感的体力活动健康相关干预措施的研究人员和政策制定者应考虑与健康不佳相关的时间利用模式。旨在改善睡眠时间和减少久坐不动的电视观看时间的计划可能与旨在增加体育活动时间的计划同样重要。这些更广泛的时间利用模式在我们的研究中调节了种族/民族与身心健康之间的关系。
