College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Oct 1;595:615-632. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.285. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
Microcystins (MCs) are common cyanotoxins produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) and severely threaten human and ecosystems health. Biodegradation is an efficient and sustainable biological strategy for MCs removal. Many novel findings in fundamental knowledge and application potential of MC-biodegradation have been documented. Little effort has devoted to summarize and comment recent research progress on MC-biodegradation, and discuss the research problems and gaps. This review deals with current research scenario in aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation for MCs. Diverse organisms capable of degrading MCs are encapsulated. Enzymatic mechanisms and influence factors regulating aerobic and anaerobic MC-biodegradation are summarized and discussed, which are essential for assessing and reducing MC-risks during HCBs episodes. Also, we propose some ideas to solve the challenges and bottleneck problems in practical application of MC-biodegradation, and discuss research gaps and promising research methods which deserve special attention. This review may provide new insights on future direction of MC-biodegradation research, in order to further broaden its application prospects for bioremediation.
微囊藻毒素（MCs）是由有害蓝藻水华（HCBs）产生的常见的蓝藻毒素，严重威胁人类和生态系统健康。生物降解是去除 MCs 的一种有效且可持续的生物策略。在 MCs 生物降解的基础理论知识和应用潜力方面已经有许多新的发现。然而，很少有研究致力于总结和评论 MCs 生物降解的最新研究进展，并讨论研究中存在的问题和差距。本综述涉及 MCs 的好氧和厌氧生物降解的当前研究情况。文中还介绍了能够降解 MCs 的多种生物，并对好氧和厌氧 MCs 生物降解的酶促机制和影响因素进行了总结和讨论，这对于评估和降低 HCBs 期间的 MC 风险至关重要。此外，我们还提出了一些解决 MC 生物降解实际应用中挑战和瓶颈问题的思路，并讨论了值得特别关注的研究空白和有前景的研究方法。本综述可能为 MC 生物降解研究的未来方向提供新的见解，以进一步拓宽其在生物修复中的应用前景。
