College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Resources, Environment, and Planning, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, People's Republic of China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Oct 1;595:733-742. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
Different pollutants induce distinct toxic responses in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Here, we used proteomics techniques to compare the responses of E. fetida to exposure to the 10% lethal concentration (14d-LC) of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or cadmium (Cd) in natural red soil (China). BaP exposure markedly induced the expression of oxidation-reduction proteins, whereas Cd exposure mainly induced the expression of proteins involved in transcription- and translation-related processes. Furthermore, calmodulin-binding proteins were differentially expressed upon exposure to different pollutants. The calcium (Ca)-binding cytoskeletal element myosin was down-regulated upon BaP treatment, whereas the Ca-binding cytoskeletal element tropomyosin-1 was up-regulated upon Cd treatment. Some proteins exhibited opposite responses to the two pollutants. For instance, catalase (CAT) and heat shock protein 70 were up-regulated upon BaP treatment and down-regulated upon Cd treatment. A significant (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with least-significant difference (LSD) test) increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CAT activity further showed that BaP mainly induces oxidative stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression often did not correlate well with protein expression in earthworms subjected to Cd or BaP treatment. In addition, the expression of the gene encoding the protein metallothionein, which was not detected in the protein analysis, was induced upon Cd treatment, but slightly reduced upon BaP treatment. Therefore, BaP and Cd have distinct effects on the protein profile of E. Fetida with BaP markedly inducing ROS activity, and Cd mainly triggering genotoxicity.
Distinct patterns of protein expression are induced in earthworms upon exposure to different pollutants; BaP markedly induces high levels of ROS, while Cd resultes in genotoxicity.
不同的污染物会在蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）中引起不同的毒性反应。在这里，我们使用蛋白质组学技术比较了赤子爱胜蚓暴露于苯并[a]芘（BaP）或镉（Cd）的 10%致死浓度（14d-LC）在天然红壤（中国）中的反应。BaP 暴露显著诱导了氧化还原蛋白的表达，而 Cd 暴露主要诱导了与转录和翻译相关过程的蛋白表达。此外，不同污染物暴露时钙调蛋白结合蛋白的表达也不同。肌球蛋白作为钙结合细胞骨架元件在 BaP 处理时下调，而原肌球蛋白-1作为钙结合细胞骨架元件在 Cd 处理时上调。一些蛋白质对两种污染物表现出相反的反应。例如，过氧化氢酶（CAT）和热休克蛋白 70 在 BaP 处理时上调，在 Cd 处理时下调。活性氧（ROS）水平和 CAT 活性的显著增加（p<0.05，单因素方差分析加最小显著差异（LSD）检验）进一步表明 BaP 主要诱导氧化应激。实时 PCR 分析表明，在 Cd 或 BaP 处理的蚯蚓中，mRNA 表达通常与蛋白质表达相关性不高。此外，金属硫蛋白基因的表达在蛋白质分析中未检测到，在 Cd 处理时被诱导，但在 BaP 处理时略有降低。因此，BaP 和 Cd 对赤子爱胜蚓的蛋白质谱有明显不同的影响，BaP 显著诱导 ROS 活性，而 Cd 主要引发遗传毒性。
不同污染物暴露会在蚯蚓中诱导不同的蛋白质表达模式；BaP 显著诱导高水平的 ROS，而 Cd 导致遗传毒性。
