Hiscock Rosemary, Asikainen Arja, Tuomisto Jouni, Jantunen Matti, Pärjälä Erkki, Sabel Clive E
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK.
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Mar 30;6:265-270. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.03.019. eCollection 2017 Jun.
Climate change mitigation policies aim to reduce climate change through reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions whereas adaption policies seek to enable humans to live in a world with increasingly variable and more extreme climatic conditions. It is increasingly realised that enacting such policies will have unintended implications for public health, but there has been less focus on their implications for wellbeing. Wellbeing can be defined as a positive mental state which is influenced by living conditions. As part of URGENCHE, an EU funded project to identify health and wellbeing outcomes of city greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, a survey designed to measure these living conditions and levels of wellbeing in Kuopio, Finland was collected in December 2013. Kuopio was the northmost among seven cities in Europe and China studied. Generalised estimating equation modelling was used to determine which living conditions were associated with subjective wellbeing (measured through the WHO-5 Scale). Local greenspace and spending time in nature were associated with higher levels of wellbeing whereas cold housing and poor quality indoor air were associated with lower levels of wellbeing. Thus adaption policies to increase greenspace might, in addition to reducing heat island effects, have the co-benefit of increasing wellbeing and improving housing insulation.
减缓气候变化政策旨在通过减少温室气体排放来降低气候变化，而适应政策则试图让人类能够生活在一个气候条件日益多变且极端的世界中。人们越来越意识到，制定这些政策会对公众健康产生意想不到的影响，但对其对幸福的影响关注较少。幸福可以定义为一种受生活条件影响的积极心理状态。作为URGENCHE（一个由欧盟资助、旨在确定城市温室气体减排政策对健康和幸福影响的项目）的一部分，2013年12月在芬兰库奥皮奥进行了一项旨在测量这些生活条件和幸福水平的调查。库奥皮奥是欧洲和中国所研究的七个城市中最靠北的。采用广义估计方程模型来确定哪些生活条件与主观幸福感（通过WHO-5量表测量）相关。当地绿地以及在自然中度过的时光与较高的幸福水平相关，而寒冷的住房和劣质室内空气与较低的幸福水平相关。因此，增加绿地的适应政策除了能减少热岛效应外，还可能带来增加幸福和改善住房隔热的协同效益。
