Hiscock Rosemary, Mudu Pierpaolo, Braubach Matthias, Martuzzi Marco, Perez Laura, Sabel Clive
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK.
Bonn Office, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Nov 28;11(12):12312-45. doi: 10.3390/ijerph111212312.
To mitigate climate change, city authorities are developing policies in areas such as transportation, housing and energy use, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to their effects on greenhouse gas emissions, these policies are likely to have consequences for the wellbeing of their populations for example through changes in opportunities to take physical exercise. In order to explore the potential consequences for wellbeing, we first explore what 'wellbeing' is and how it can be operationalised for urban planners. In this paper, we illustrate how wellbeing can be divided into objective and subjective aspects which can be measured quantitatively; our review of measures informs the development of a theoretical model linking wellbeing to policies which cities use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the links proposed in the conceptual model are supported by the literature and how cities can assess wellbeing implications of policies.
为了缓解气候变化，城市当局正在交通、住房和能源使用等领域制定政策，以减少温室气体排放。除了对温室气体排放的影响外，这些政策可能还会对居民的福祉产生影响，例如通过改变体育锻炼的机会。为了探究对福祉的潜在影响，我们首先探讨“福祉”是什么以及如何为城市规划者将其操作化。在本文中，我们说明了福祉如何可以分为可定量测量的客观和主观方面；我们对测量方法的综述为将福祉与城市用于减少温室气体排放的政策联系起来的理论模型的发展提供了信息。最后，我们讨论概念模型中提出的联系在多大程度上得到了文献的支持，以及城市如何评估政策对福祉的影响。
