Sindelka Radek, Sidova Monika, Abaffy Pavel, Kubista Mikael
Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic-Biocev, Prumyslova 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
TATAA Biocenter AB, Odinsgatan 28, 411 03, Göteborg, Sweden.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2017;61:229-241. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_10.
Asymmetric division is a property of eukaryotic cells that is fundamental to the formation of higher life forms. Despite its importance, the mechanism behind it remains elusive. Asymmetry in the cell is induced by polarization of cell fate determinants that become unevenly distributed among progeny cells. So far dozens of determinants have been identified. Xenopus laevis is an ideal system to study asymmetric cell division during early development, because of the huge size of its oocytes and early-stage blastomeres. Here, we present the current knowledge about localization and distribution of cell fate determinants along the three body axes: animal-vegetal, dorsal-ventral, and left-right. Uneven distribution of cell fate determinants during early development specifies the formation of the embryonic body plan.
不对称分裂是真核细胞的一种特性，对于高等生命形式的形成至关重要。尽管其很重要，但其背后的机制仍然难以捉摸。细胞中的不对称是由细胞命运决定因子的极化诱导的，这些决定因子在子代细胞中分布不均。到目前为止，已经鉴定出了数十种决定因子。非洲爪蟾是研究早期发育过程中不对称细胞分裂的理想系统，因为其卵母细胞和早期卵裂球体积巨大。在此，我们介绍了关于细胞命运决定因子沿动物-植物、背-腹和左-右三个体轴的定位和分布的当前知识。早期发育过程中细胞命运决定因子的不均匀分布决定了胚胎身体图式的形成。
