Institut Curie, INSERM U900, PSL Research University, Mines ParisTech, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France,
Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2017 Jun 1;22(10):1774-1791. doi: 10.2741/4571.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs playing an essential role in gene expression regulation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are dysregulated in cancer initiation and progression, pointing out their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment. With the introduction of high-throughput technologies several computational approaches have been proposed to identify cancer-associated miRNAs. Here, we present a systematic and comprehensive overview of the current knowledge concerning the computational detection of miRNAs involved in tumor onset and subtyping, with possible theranostic employment. An overview of the state of art in this field is thus proposed with the aim of supporting researchers, especially experimentalists and pathologists, in choosing the optimal approach for their case of study.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是在基因表达调控中发挥重要作用的小非编码 RNA。多项研究表明，miRNAs 在癌症的发生和发展中失调，指出它们作为诊断、预后和治疗反应的生物标志物的潜力。随着高通量技术的引入，已经提出了多种计算方法来识别与癌症相关的 miRNAs。在这里，我们系统地和全面地综述了当前关于计算检测参与肿瘤发生和亚型的 miRNAs 的知识，以及可能的治疗应用。因此，提出了该领域的最新技术概述，旨在支持研究人员，特别是实验家和病理学家，为他们的研究案例选择最佳方法。
