Zemková Erika
Department of Sports Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia.
J Tradit Complement Med. 2016 Jun 30;7(2):245-250. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.007. eCollection 2017 Apr.
Recently, resistance exercises performed on an unstable surface have become part of athletic training and rehabilitation. Accordingly, their role in performance and health-oriented strength training has increasingly emerged as a matter of interest to researchers and conditioning specialists. A more pronounced activation of stabilizing muscles is assumed to be the main feature of instability resistance exercises. This assumption has been proven by EMG studies, which have highlighted significantly greater electromyographic activity of trunk-stabilizing muscles during exercises under unstable as compared to stable conditions. Intervention studies also demonstrated an enhanced improvement of trunk stability after training programs utilizing unstable devices as compared to floor exercises. Findings indicate that instability resistance training may facilitate the neural adaptation of trunk-stabilizing muscles, resulting in an improvement in trunk stability. However, both acute and long-term responses of primarily activated muscles to exercises performed on an unstable surface remain a matter of debate. It has been established that there is a significantly lower peak isometric force and rate of force development during resistance exercises under unstable as compared to stable conditions. In addition, the power output was compromised when exercises were performed on unstable surfaces. However, we have demonstrated that this effect depends on the type of exercise, instability device used, weight lifted, subject's training background, and so forth. Our findings on muscular power in the concentric phase of resistance exercises with different weights under stable and unstable conditions complement this review. Applications of instability resistance exercises for the improvement of neuromuscular functions in the physically active, plus for those following anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions, are also presented.
最近，在不稳定表面上进行的抗阻训练已成为运动训练和康复的一部分。因此，它们在以表现和健康为导向的力量训练中的作用日益成为研究人员和体能训练专家关注的问题。人们认为，更明显地激活稳定肌是不稳定抗阻训练的主要特征。肌电图研究证实了这一假设，该研究强调，与稳定条件相比，在不稳定条件下进行运动时，躯干稳定肌的肌电活动明显更强。干预研究还表明，与在地板上进行的训练相比，使用不稳定器械的训练计划能更有效地提高躯干稳定性。研究结果表明，不稳定抗阻训练可能有助于躯干稳定肌的神经适应性，从而改善躯干稳定性。然而，主要激活肌对在不稳定表面上进行的运动的急性和长期反应仍存在争议。已经确定，与稳定条件相比，在不稳定条件下进行抗阻训练时，等长肌力峰值和力量发展速率明显更低。此外，在不稳定表面上进行运动时，功率输出会受到影响。然而，我们已经证明，这种影响取决于运动类型、使用的不稳定器械、举起的重量、受试者的训练背景等。我们关于在稳定和不稳定条件下使用不同重量进行抗阻训练的向心阶段肌肉功率的研究结果补充了这篇综述。本文还介绍了不稳定抗阻训练在改善体育活动人群以及前交叉韧带重建术后人群神经肌肉功能方面的应用。
