Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF-Sports Department), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 22;19(21):13739. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113739.
(I) Training in unstable conditions, with different elements, platforms, or situations, has been used because there is a significant increase in muscle activation, balance, proprioception, and even sports performance. However, it is not known how the devices used are classified according to performance variables, nor the differences according to instability experience. (II) This study aims to analyze the differences in power and speed in push-ups with different situations of instability in trained and untrained male subjects. Power and speed in push-up exercise were analyzed in 26 untrained and 25 trained participants in 6 different situations (one stable and five unstable) (1) stable (PS), (2) monopodal (PM), (3) rings (PR), (4) TRX (PT), (5) hands-on Bosu (PH) (6) feet on Bosu (PF). The variables were analyzed using a linear position transducer. (III) The best data were evidenced with PS, followed by PR, PM, PT, PH and PF. The trained subjects obtained better results in all the conditions analyzed in mean and maximum power and speed values ( < 0.001). The decrease in these variables was significantly greater in the untrained subjects than in the trained subjects in the PR situation (8% and 18% respectively). In PF there were differences between groups ( < 0.001), reaching between 32-46% in all variables. The difference between the two groups was notable, varying between 12-58%. (IV) The results showed a negative and progressive influence of instability on power and speed in push-ups. This suggests that instability should be adapted to the subject's experience and is not advisable in untrained subjects who wish to improve power.
（一）在不稳定的条件下，使用不同的元素、平台或情况进行训练，因为这会显著增加肌肉激活、平衡、本体感觉，甚至运动表现。然而，目前尚不清楚根据性能变量对所使用的设备进行分类的情况，也不清楚根据不稳定性体验的差异。（二）本研究旨在分析不同不稳定情况下俯卧撑的力量和速度在训练和未训练男性受试者中的差异。在 6 种不同情况下（1 种稳定和 5 种不稳定）（1）稳定（PS）、（2）单足（PM）、（3）环（PR）、（4）TRX（PT）、（5）手触波速球（PH）和（6）脚踩波速球（PF），对 26 名未训练和 25 名训练参与者的俯卧撑运动中的力量和速度进行了分析。使用线性位置传感器分析变量。（三）PS 的数据最好，其次是 PR、PM、PT、PH 和 PF。在所有分析的条件下，受过训练的受试者在平均和最大力量和速度值方面都取得了更好的结果（<0.001）。在 PR 情况下，未受过训练的受试者的这些变量下降幅度明显大于受过训练的受试者（分别为 8%和 18%）。在 PF 中，组间存在差异（<0.001），所有变量均达到 32-46%。两组之间的差异显著，变化范围为 12-58%。（四）结果表明，不稳定性对俯卧撑的力量和速度产生了负面和渐进的影响。这表明，不稳定性应该适应受试者的经验，对于希望提高力量的未经训练的受试者来说，这不太可行。
