Nweze E I, Eke I E
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Med Mycol. 2018 Jan 1;56(1):13-28. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myx025.
Dermatophytosis is currently a disease of global importance and a public health burden. It is caused by dermatophytes, which attack and grow on dead animal keratin. Dermatophytes belong to three genera, namely, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. The predominant clinical forms and causative agents vary from one region of the world to another. Poor socioeconomic status, high population densities, and poor sanitary conditions are some of the factors responsible for the high prevalence of dermatophytosis in many developing countries, which include countries in southern and eastern Africa, the focus of this review. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no review article on published findings on dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. This information will be of interest to the medical and research community since the world has become a global village. This review covers published research findings in eastern and southern regions of Africa until this date. The countries covered in the current review include Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. T. violaceum is the most common human etiological agent in all the countries under review with prevalence ranging from 56.7% to 95%, except for Madagascar (M. langeronii, reclassified as M. audouinii), Uganda (M. gypseum) and Malawi (M. audouinii). Tinea capitis was the most clinical type, followed by tinea corporis. Etiological agents of animal dermatophytoses were variable in the countries where they were reported. Major risk factors for dermatophytoses are age, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.
皮肤癣菌病目前是一种具有全球重要性的疾病，也是一项公共卫生负担。它由皮肤癣菌引起，这些真菌侵袭并在动物的角蛋白上生长。皮肤癣菌属于三个属，即表皮癣菌属、小孢子菌属和毛癣菌属。世界不同地区主要的临床类型和病原体各不相同。社会经济地位低下、人口密度高以及卫生条件差是许多发展中国家皮肤癣菌病高发的部分原因，这些国家包括非洲南部和东部的国家，也是本综述的重点。据我们所知，目前尚无关于非洲东部和南部皮肤癣菌病已发表研究结果的综述文章。鉴于世界已成为一个地球村，这些信息将对医学和研究界具有吸引力。本综述涵盖了截至目前非洲东部和南部地区已发表的研究结果。本次综述涵盖的国家包括肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚、南非、莫桑比克、马达加斯加、马拉维、卢旺达、布隆迪、乌干达、赞比亚、津巴布韦和博茨瓦纳。除马达加斯加（兰氏小孢子菌，现重新分类为奥杜盎小孢子菌）、乌干达（石膏样小孢子菌）和马拉维（奥杜盎小孢子菌）外，紫色毛癣菌是所有受审查国家中最常见的人类病原体，患病率在56.7%至95%之间。头癣是最主要的临床类型，其次是体癣。动物皮肤癣菌病的病原体在报告的国家中各不相同。皮肤癣菌病的主要风险因素是年龄、气候和社会经济因素。
