影响智能手机应用减少过度饮酒可用性的因素：出声思维和访谈研究
Factors Influencing Usability of a Smartphone App to Reduce Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Think Aloud and Interview Studies.
作者信息
Crane David, Garnett Claire, Brown Jamie, West Robert, Michie Susan
机构信息
Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2017 Apr 3;5:39. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00039. eCollection 2017.
BACKGROUND
Interventions delivered by smartphone apps have the potential to help drinkers reduce their consumption of alcohol. To optimize engagement and reduce the high rates of attrition associated with the use of digital interventions, it is necessary to ensure that an app's design and functionality is appropriate for its intended purposes and target population.
AIMS
To understand the usability of an app to help people reduce their alcohol consumption.
METHOD
The app, Drink Less, contains a core module focusing on goal setting, supplemented by five additional modules: self-monitoring and feedback, identity change, cognitive bias re-training, action planning, and social comparison. Two studies were conducted, a "think aloud" study performed with people using the app for the first time and a semistructured interview study performed after users had had access to the app for at least 2 weeks. A thematic analysis of the "think aloud" and interview transcripts was conducted by one coder and verified by a second.
RESULTS
Twenty-four participants, half of whom were women and half from disadvantaged groups, took part in the two studies. Three main themes identified in the data were "Feeling lost and unsure of what to do next," "Make the app easy to use," and "Make the app beneficial and rewarding to use." These themes reflected participants' need for (i) guidance, particularly when first using the app or when entering data; (ii) the data entry process to be simple and the navigation intuitive; (iii) neither the amount of text nor range of options to be overwhelming; (iv) the app to reward them for effort and progress; and (v) it to be clear how the app could help alcohol reduction goals be reached.
CONCLUSION
First-time and experienced users want an alcohol reduction app to be easy, rewarding, and beneficial to use. An easy-to-use app would reduce user burden, offer ongoing help, and be esthetically pleasing. A rewarding and beneficial app would provide positive reinforcement, give feedback about progress, and demonstrate credibility. Users need help when first using the app, and they need a compelling reason to continue using it.
背景
智能手机应用程序提供的干预措施有可能帮助饮酒者减少酒精摄入量。为了优化参与度并降低与数字干预措施使用相关的高流失率，有必要确保应用程序的设计和功能适合其预期目的和目标人群。
目的
了解一款帮助人们减少酒精摄入量的应用程序的可用性。
方法
“少饮酒”应用程序包含一个专注于目标设定的核心模块，并辅以五个附加模块：自我监测与反馈、身份改变、认知偏差再训练、行动计划和社会比较。进行了两项研究，一项是对首次使用该应用程序的人进行的“出声思考”研究，另一项是在用户使用该应用程序至少两周后进行的半结构化访谈研究。由一名编码员对“出声思考”和访谈记录进行主题分析，并由另一名编码员进行验证。
结果
24名参与者参与了这两项研究，其中一半为女性，一半来自弱势群体。数据中确定的三个主要主题是“感到迷茫，不确定接下来该做什么”、“使应用程序易于使用”以及“使应用程序使用起来有益且有回报”。这些主题反映了参与者对以下方面的需求：（i）指导，尤其是在首次使用应用程序或输入数据时；（ii）数据输入过程要简单，导航要直观；（iii）文本数量和选项范围都不要过多；（iv）应用程序要对他们的努力和进步给予奖励；（v）要清楚应用程序如何有助于实现减少酒精摄入量的目标。
结论
首次使用和有经验的用户都希望一款减少酒精摄入量的应用程序易于使用、有回报且有益。一款易于使用的应用程序将减轻用户负担，提供持续帮助，并且在美学上令人愉悦。一款有回报且有益的应用程序将提供积极强化，给出关于进展的反馈，并展现可信度。用户在首次使用应用程序时需要帮助，并且他们需要一个有说服力的理由来继续使用它。
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