Lövestad Solveig, Löve Jesper, Vaez Marjan, Krantz Gunilla
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE- 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Apr 20;17(1):335. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4222-y.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most common type of violence targeting women. IPV includes acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviors and these forms of violence often coexist in the same relationship. Living with IPV is associated with serious mental health outcomes such as depression and depressive symptoms. Few population based studies from Sweden have investigated the relationship between different forms of IPV and women's depressive symptoms and even fewer used controlling behavior as an independent variable in such studies. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the prevalence of exposure to IPV in terms of controlling behavior, sexual, and physical violence and their association with self-reported symptoms of depression in a female population based sample.
The cross-sectional, population based sample contained 573 women aged 18-65 years randomly selected in Sweden. Five self-reported symptoms that define depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were assessed. Physical and sexual violence were inquired about using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Violence Against Women Instrument (VAWI), while controlling behavior was assessed with the Controlling Behavior Scale (CBS). Associations between different forms of IPV and symptoms of depression were estimated by crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Bivariable associations revealed that women exposed to controlling behavior, had higher OR of depressive symptoms compared to unexposed women (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.63-3.63). Women exposed to physical and sexual violence had also a higher OR of depressive symptoms (OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.99-7.17 and OR 5.10; 95% CI 1.74-14.91 respectively). After adjusting for socio-demographic and psychosocial covariates, all three forms of IPV showed statistically significant associations with self-reported symptoms of depression.
A strength with this study is the analysis of controlling behavior and its association with self-reported symptoms of depression in a female population based sample. Exposure to controlling behavior, physical and sexual violence by an intimate partner were clearly associated with women's self-reported symptoms of depression.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是针对女性最常见的暴力形式。亲密伴侣暴力包括身体攻击、性胁迫、心理虐待和控制行为，这些暴力形式往往在同一关系中并存。遭受亲密伴侣暴力与严重的心理健康后果相关，如抑郁和抑郁症状。瑞典很少有基于人群的研究调查不同形式的亲密伴侣暴力与女性抑郁症状之间的关系，在这类研究中，将控制行为作为独立变量的研究更少。因此，本研究的目的是在基于女性人群的样本中，评估在控制行为、性暴力和身体暴力方面遭受亲密伴侣暴力的患病率及其与自我报告的抑郁症状之间的关联。
该横断面、基于人群的样本包含在瑞典随机选取的573名年龄在18 - 65岁之间的女性。评估了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》中定义抑郁的五种自我报告症状。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）的针对妇女的暴力行为调查问卷（VAWI）询问身体暴力和性暴力情况，同时用控制行为量表（CBS）评估控制行为。通过粗比值比（OR）和调整后的比值比以及95%置信区间（CI）估计不同形式的亲密伴侣暴力与抑郁症状之间的关联。
双变量关联显示，与未遭受控制行为的女性相比，遭受控制行为的女性出现抑郁症状的OR值更高（OR 2.43；95% CI 1.63 - 3.63）。遭受身体暴力和性暴力的女性出现抑郁症状的OR值也更高（分别为OR 3.78；95% CI 1.
