Belay Aynalem, Talie Asmare, Tamene Fentahun, Getnet Asmamaw, Tefera Zewdu, Geremew Tesfalem
Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Debre-Markos University, Debre-Markos, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 21;10(19):e38032. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38032. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Depressive disorder is a common mental health issue among perinatal mothers living with HIV, potentially leading to significant despair and anxiety. This condition can hinder maternal-infant bonding and undermine efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Despite its importance, little is known about the factors associated with depression in this population.
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of perinatal depression among women living with HIV in the Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2022.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 399 HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women, both with follow-up and newly diagnosed cases, who attended PMTCT services in the East Gojjam Zone Public Hospitals from May 28 to July 12, 2022. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through direct interviews and document reviews. The Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale was used to assess perinatal depression which demonstrated high internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.93). Data were cleaned and analyzed using Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify variables associated with perinatal depression, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Out of 399 eligible women, 394 participated, yielding a response rate of 98.7 %. The prevalence of perinatal depression among these women was 34.3 % (95 % CI: 29.6-39.4). Factors significantly associated with perinatal depression included intimate partner violence (AOR = 4.24, 95 % CI: 2.507-7.168), internalized stigma (AOR = 4.93, 95 % CI: 2.912-9.560), poor social support (AOR = 4.0, 95 % CI: 1.693-9.560), and poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (AOR = 3.65, 95 % CI: 1.774-7.519).
Approximately one-third of perinatal women living with HIV experienced depression. Key factors contributing to this included intimate partner violence, internalized stigma, low social support, and poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Interventions should focus on enhancing social support, empowering women, counseling on drug adherence, and screening for depression among perinatal women living with HIV.
抑郁症是感染艾滋病毒的围产期母亲中常见的心理健康问题，可能导致严重的绝望和焦虑。这种情况会阻碍母婴联结，并破坏预防艾滋病毒母婴传播的努力。尽管其很重要，但对于该人群中与抑郁症相关的因素却知之甚少。
本研究旨在评估2022年埃塞俄比亚西北部阿姆哈拉地区感染艾滋病毒的妇女围产期抑郁症的患病率及危险因素。
对399名艾滋病毒呈阳性的孕妇和产后妇女进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究，包括随访病例和新诊断病例，这些妇女于2022年5月28日至7月12日在东戈贾姆区公立医院接受预防母婴传播服务。采用简单随机抽样技术选取参与者。通过直接访谈和文件审查收集数据。使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评估围产期抑郁症，该量表显示出较高的内部信度（克朗巴哈系数为0.93）。使用Epi - data 3.1版和SPSS 25版对数据进行清理和分析。采用二元逻辑回归模型确定与围产期抑郁症相关的变量，设定统计学显著性为p < 0.05。
在399名符合条件的妇女中，394名参与了研究，应答率为98.7%。这些妇女中围产期抑郁症的患病率为34.3%（95%置信区间：29.6 - 39.4）。与围产期抑郁症显著相关的因素包括亲密伴侣暴力（比值比 = 4.24，95%置信区间：2.507 - 7.168）、内化耻辱感（比值比 = 4.93，95%置信区间：2.912 - 9.560）、社会支持不足（比值比 = 4.0，95%置信区间：1.693 - 9.560）以及抗逆转录病毒疗法依从性差（比值比 = 3.65，95%置信区间：1.774 - 7.519）。
约三分之一感染艾滋病毒的围产期妇女患有抑郁症。造成这种情况的关键因素包括亲密伴侣暴力、内化耻辱感、社会支持低以及抗逆转录病毒疗法依从性差。干预措施应侧重于加强社会支持、增强妇女权能、提供药物依从性咨询以及对感染艾滋病毒的围产期妇女进行抑郁症筛查。
