McGinnis Shannon M, McKeon Thomas, Desai Richa, Ejelonu Akudo, Laskowski Stanley, Murphy Heather M
College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Apr 20;14(4):442. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14040442.
Despite the success of recent efforts to increase access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) globally, approximately one-third of schools around the world still lack adequate WASH services. A lack of WASH in schools can lead to the spread of preventable disease and increase school absences, especially among women. Inadequate financing and budgeting has been named as a key barrier for integrating successful and sustainable WASH programs into school settings. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge around the costs of WASH components as well as financing models that could be applied to WASH in schools. Results show a lack of information around WASH costing, particularly around software elements as well as a lack of data overall for WASH in school settings as compared to community WASH. This review also identifies several key considerations when designing WASH budgets or selecting financing mechanisms. Findings may be used to advise future WASH in school programs.
尽管近期在全球范围内增加获得改良水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）服务的机会方面取得了成功，但全球仍约有三分之一的学校缺乏足够的WASH服务。学校缺乏WASH服务会导致可预防疾病的传播，并增加缺课情况，尤其是女生的缺课率。资金不足和预算编制不当被认为是将成功且可持续的WASH项目纳入学校环境的关键障碍。因此，本综述的目的是描述有关WASH组成部分成本的现有知识以及可应用于学校WASH的融资模式。结果表明，关于WASH成本核算的信息不足，尤其是软件要素方面，而且与社区WASH相比，学校环境中WASH的总体数据也不足。本综述还确定了设计WASH预算或选择融资机制时的几个关键考虑因素。研究结果可用于为未来的学校WASH项目提供建议。
