SUMOylation in cardiac disorders - a review.

SUMOylation regulates diverse cellular processes including transcription, cell cycle, protein stability, and apoptosis. A recent research has now revealed the role of SUMO1 in cardiac disorders. Studies have evidenced that failing heart induces SUMO2/3 conjugation. Moreover, increased SUMO2/3- dependent modification has been observed to result in congestive heart disease such as cardiac hypertrophy by promoting cardiac cell death. Also, few recent studies have confirmed the role of SUMOylation in cardiac protein degradation. On the other hand, over-expression of SENP5, SUMO2/3-specific deconjugation enzyme has been observed to result in dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac failure. So, the present review article would enlighten the latest updates about SUMOylation and associated factors during cardiac disorders.