Sumi Mamta P, Mahajan Bhawna, Sattar Real Sumayya Abdul, Kumar Arun, Sharma Abhay Kumar, Ahmad Ejaz, Ali Asgar, Saluja Sundeep Singh
Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Epigenet Insights. 2021 Jan 28;14:2516865720988567. doi: 10.1177/2516865720988567. eCollection 2021.
Despite extensive clinical research and management protocols applied in the field of coronary artery diseases (CAD), it still holds the number 1 position in mortality worldwide. This indicates that we need to work on precision medicine to discover the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic targets to improve the outcome of CAD. In precision medicine, epigenetic changes play a vital role in disease onset and progression. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not affect the alterations of DNA sequence in the genome. It comprises various covalent modifications that occur in DNA or histone proteins affecting the spatial arrangement of the DNA and histones. These multiple modifications include DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation. Besides these covalent modifications, non-coding RNAs-viz. miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are also involved in epigenetics. Smoking, alcohol, diet, environmental pollutants, obesity, and lifestyle are some of the prime factors affecting epigenetic alterations. Novel molecular techniques such as next-generation sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry have been developed to identify important cross points in the epigenetic web in relation to various diseases. The studies regarding exploration of epigenetics, have led researchers to identify multiple diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets that are being used in different disease diagnosis and management. Here in this review, we will discuss various ground-breaking contributions of past and recent studies in the epigenetic field in concert with coronary artery diseases. Future prospects of epigenetics and its implication in CAD personalized medicine will also be discussed in brief.
尽管在冠状动脉疾病（CAD）领域应用了广泛的临床研究和管理方案，但它在全球死亡率方面仍位居首位。这表明我们需要致力于精准医学，以发现诊断、治疗和预后靶点，从而改善CAD的治疗效果。在精准医学中，表观遗传变化在疾病的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。表观遗传学是对不影响基因组DNA序列改变的可遗传变化的研究。它包括发生在DNA或组蛋白上的各种共价修饰，这些修饰会影响DNA和组蛋白的空间排列。这些多种修饰包括DNA/组蛋白甲基化、乙酰化、磷酸化和SUMO化。除了这些共价修饰外，非编码RNA，即miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA也参与表观遗传学。吸烟、饮酒、饮食、环境污染物、肥胖和生活方式是影响表观遗传改变的一些主要因素。已经开发了诸如下一代测序、染色质免疫沉淀和质谱等新型分子技术，以识别与各种疾病相关的表观遗传网络中的重要交叉点。关于表观遗传学探索的研究，已引导研究人员识别出多种诊断标志物和治疗靶点，这些标志物和靶点正被用于不同疾病的诊断和管理。在本综述中，我们将讨论过去和近期研究在表观遗传领域与冠状动脉疾病相关的各种开创性贡献。还将简要讨论表观遗传学的未来前景及其在CAD个性化医学中的意义。
