LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Jul;226:190-197. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.022. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
Synthetic musk compounds are widely used in the formulation of several cosmetics, personal care and household products. Due to their massive and widespread use, together with some health concerns, they are considered emerging pollutants and have been detected in different environmental compartments. This study focused on the evaluation of the concentration of synthetic musks (five nitro, five polycyclic and one macrocyclic musks) in beach sands, from Oporto coastal area (Portugal), contributing to the enhancement of the knowledge of levels, trends and behaviour of these compounds in this particular matrix. To accomplish this task, a QuEChERS methodology ("Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe") coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was successfully used to determine synthetic musks from beach sand. The chosen methodology proved to be suitable, achieving satisfactory results for precision (relative standard deviation values below 15%), accuracy (average recovery of 97%) and limits of detection (below 38 pg g). Synthetic musks were detected in all 45 analysed samples, in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 27 ng g. Tonalide (93%), exaltolide (89%) and galaxolide (76%) were the most commonly detected compounds, but also those detected in higher concentrations (up to 27 ng g). Musk ambrette, moskene, tibetene and xylene were not detected in any of the samples. Higher concentrations were as expected detected in the Summer (total average concentration of 9.21 ng g), namely in samples from Valadares Sul (29 ng g), Francelos (25 ng g) and Castelo do Queijo (25 ng g). The preliminary environmental risk assessment study based on the determination of hazard quotients revealed that the presence of analysed compounds (tonalide, galaxolide and musk ketone) seems to pose no risk to the studied environmental compartment.
合成麝香化合物广泛应用于多种化妆品、个人护理和家用产品的配方中。由于其大量广泛的使用，以及一些健康问题，它们被认为是新兴污染物，并已在不同的环境介质中被检测到。本研究专注于评估合成麝香（五种硝基麝香、五种多环麝香和一种大环麝香）在葡萄牙波尔图沿海地区沙滩中的浓度，这有助于增加对这些化合物在特定基质中水平、趋势和行为的了解。为了完成这项任务，成功地使用了一种 QuEChERS 方法（“快速、简单、廉价、有效、坚固、安全”）结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）来测定沙滩中的合成麝香。所选择的方法被证明是合适的，达到了令人满意的精密度（相对标准偏差值低于 15%）、准确度（平均回收率为 97%）和检测限（低于 38 pg g）。在所分析的 45 个样本中均检测到合成麝香，浓度范围为 0.01 至 27 ng g。檀香醇（93%）、乙基香兰素（89%）和加洛麝香（76%）是最常见的检测到的化合物，但也是检测到的浓度较高的化合物（高达 27 ng g）。麝香紫罗兰酮、麝香壬酮、麝香二甲苯和二甲苯在任何样本中均未检出。正如预期的那样，夏季（总平均浓度为 9.21 ng g）检测到的浓度较高，尤其是在瓦拉达雷斯苏尔（29 ng g）、弗朗塞洛斯（25 ng g）和卡斯泰洛多奎约（25 ng g）的样本中。基于危害商数的初步环境风险评估研究表明，分析化合物（檀香醇、加洛麝香和麝香酮）的存在似乎不会对研究环境造成风险。
