Shankar Vaibhavi, Heo Jiyong, Al-Hamadani Yasir A J, Park Chang Min, Chu Kyoung Hoon, Yoon Yeomin
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, 495 Hogook-ro, Kokyungmeon, Young-Cheon, Gyeongbuk, 38900, South Korea.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Jul 15;197:610-618. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.040. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
The performance of an ultrafiltration (UF)-biochar process was evaluated in comparison with a UF membrane process for the removal of humic acid (HA). Bench-scale UF experiments were conducted to study the rejection and flux trends under various hydrodynamic, pH, ionic strength, and pressure conditions. The resistance-in-series model was used to evaluate the processes and it showed that unlike stirred conditions, where low fouling resistance was observed (28.7 × 10 m to 32.5 × 10 m), higher values and comparable trends were obtained for UF-biochar and UF alone for unstirred conditions (28.7 × 10 m to 32.5 × 10 m). Thus, the processes were further evaluated under unstirred conditions. Additionally, total fouling resistance was decreased in the presence of biochar by 6%, indicating that HA adsorption by biochar could diminish adsorption fouling on the UF membrane and thus improve the efficiency of the UF-biochar process. The rejection trends of UF-biochar and UF alone were similar in most cases, whereas UF-biochar showed a noticeable increase in flux of around 18-25% under various experimental conditions due to reduced membrane fouling. Three-cycle filtration tests further demonstrated that UF-biochar showed better membrane recovery and antifouling capability by showing more HA rejection (3-5%) than UF membrane alone with each subsequent cycle of filtration. As a result of these findings, the UF-biochar process may potentially prove be a viable treatment option for the removal of HA from water.
为了去除腐殖酸（HA），对超滤（UF）-生物炭工艺与超滤膜工艺的性能进行了评估。进行了实验室规模的超滤实验，以研究在各种水动力、pH值、离子强度和压力条件下的截留率和通量趋势。采用串联阻力模型对工艺进行评估，结果表明，与搅拌条件下观察到的低抗污染阻力（28.7×10⁻⁶ m至32.5×10⁻⁶ m）不同，在未搅拌条件下，单独的超滤和超滤-生物炭工艺获得了更高的值和可比的趋势（28.7×10⁻⁶ m至32.5×10⁻⁶ m）。因此，在未搅拌条件下对工艺进行了进一步评估。此外，生物炭的存在使总抗污染阻力降低了6%，这表明生物炭对HA的吸附可以减少超滤膜上的吸附污染，从而提高超滤-生物炭工艺的效率。在大多数情况下，超滤-生物炭和单独超滤的截留趋势相似，而由于膜污染减少，超滤-生物炭在各种实验条件下通量显著增加约18%-25%。三轮过滤试验进一步表明，超滤-生物炭在每次后续过滤循环中比单独的超滤膜表现出更高的HA截留率（3%-5%），从而显示出更好的膜恢复和抗污染能力。基于这些发现，超滤-生物炭工艺可能被证明是从水中去除HA的一种可行处理选择。
