Mehta Kathan, Patel Keyur, Parikh Rahul A
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Apr 24;10(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s13045-017-0457-4.
Treatment of cancer patients involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Traditionally, patients with metastatic disease are treated with combination chemotherapies or targeted agents. These cytotoxic agents have good response rates and achieve palliation; however, complete responses are rarely seen. The field of cancer immunology has made rapid advances in the past 20 years. Recently, a number of agents and vaccines, which modulate the immune system to allow it to detect and target cancer cells, are being developed. The benefit of these agents is twofold, it enhances the ability the body's own immune system to fight cancer, thus has a lower incidence of side effects compared to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Secondly, a small but substantial number of patients with metastatic disease are cured by immunotherapy or achieve durable responses lasting for a number of years. In this article, we review the FDA-approved immunotherapy agents in the field of genitourinary malignancies. We also summarize new immunotherapy agents being evaluated in clinical studies either as single agents or as a combination.
癌症患者的治疗涉及多学科方法，包括手术、放疗和化疗。传统上，转移性疾病患者采用联合化疗或靶向药物治疗。这些细胞毒性药物有良好的反应率并能实现姑息治疗；然而，很少能看到完全缓解。癌症免疫学领域在过去20年取得了快速进展。最近，一些调节免疫系统以使其能够检测和靶向癌细胞的药物和疫苗正在研发中。这些药物的益处有两方面，它增强了人体自身免疫系统对抗癌症的能力，因此与传统细胞毒性化疗相比副作用发生率更低。其次，一小部分但数量可观的转移性疾病患者通过免疫疗法被治愈或实现了持续数年的持久反应。在本文中，我们回顾了美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的用于泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤领域的免疫治疗药物。我们还总结了正在临床研究中作为单一药物或联合药物进行评估的新免疫治疗药物。
