Ferrari Pier Francesco, Barbot Anna, Bianchi Bernardo, Ferri Andrea, Garofalo Gioacchino, Bruno Nicola, Coudé Gino, Bertolini Chiara, Ardizzi Martina, Nicolini Ylenia, Belluardo Mauro, Stefani Elisa De
Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod UMR 5229, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Bron Cedex, France; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Unit of Audiology and Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 May;76(Pt A):111-122. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.050.
Studies of the last twenty years on the motor and premotor cortices of primates demonstrated that the motor system is involved in the control and initiation of movements, and in higher cognitive processes, such as action understanding, imitation, and empathy. Mirror neurons are only one example of such theoretical shift. Their properties demonstrate that motor and sensory processing are coupled in the brain. Such knowledge has been also central for designing new neurorehabilitative therapies for patients suffering from brain injuries and consequent motor deficits. Moebius Syndrome patients, for example, are incapable of moving their facial muscles, which are fundamental for affective communication. These patients face an important challenge after having undergone a corrective surgery: reanimating the transplanted muscles to achieve a voluntarily control of smiling. We propose two new complementary rehabilitative approaches on MBS patients based on observation/imitation therapy (Facial Imitation Therapy, FIT) and on hand-mouth motor synergies (Synergistic Activity Therapy, SAT). Preliminary results show that our intervention protocol is a promising approach for neurorehabilitation of patients with facial palsy.
过去二十年对灵长类动物运动皮层和运动前区皮层的研究表明，运动系统参与运动的控制和发起，以及更高层次的认知过程，如动作理解、模仿和共情。镜像神经元只是这种理论转变的一个例子。它们的特性表明，运动和感觉加工在大脑中是耦合的。这些知识对于为患有脑损伤及随之而来的运动缺陷的患者设计新的神经康复疗法也至关重要。例如，默比厄斯综合征患者无法移动其面部肌肉，而面部肌肉对情感交流至关重要。这些患者在接受矫正手术后面临一项重大挑战：使移植的肌肉恢复活动，以实现对微笑的自主控制。我们基于观察/模仿疗法（面部模仿疗法，FIT）和手口运动协同作用（协同活动疗法，SAT），为默比厄斯综合征患者提出了两种新的互补性康复方法。初步结果表明，我们的干预方案是对面部麻痹患者进行神经康复的一种有前景的方法。
