The University of Jordan, Department of Physics, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Oct 15;596-597:321-330. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.045. Epub 2017 Apr 22.
The indoor-to-outdoor relationship of aerosol particles is affected by several mechanisms including penetration, ventilation rate, dry deposition rate and sources. Understanding the effect of these factors is essential for a deeper knowledge of the indoor-to-outdoor relationship. In real-life conditions, it is difficult to analyze these factors in a naturally ventilated environment. In this study, a naturally ventilated and an occupied apartment was used to investigate the indoor-to-outdoor relationship of aerosol particles by applying two different techniques; single-parameter analysis and indoor aerosol model simulation. The indoor aerosol model simulation approach can describe the effect of these factors based on high time-resolution calculations and it is a powerful and robust approach. Single parameter analysis is very simple to apply but it is valid under certain conditions. In the absence of indoor activities (i.e. nighttime) and based on the particle number concentrations, the I/O ratio was <1 during spring but ~1.2 during winter. Based on the indoor aerosol model simulation results for the coarse fraction, the penetration factor (P) was 0.3-1, the ventilation rate (λ) was 0.1-2h, and the deposition rate (λ) was ~0.15h. The coarse particles concentration was strongly affected by indoor activities. During extreme mechanical activities (e.g. vacuum cleaning), the concentration increased by a factor of 9 (source strength ~160particles/h). During children play, the coarse fraction concentration increased by a factor of 3 (source strength ~10particles/h). Spraying an insect pesticide increased the coarse fraction concentration by a factor of 9 (source strength ~420particles/h). Water-pipe tobacco smoking produced huge amounts of both micron and submicron particulate matter; it caused the coarse fraction concentration to significantly increase by a factor of 18 (source strength ~140particles/h). The use of natural gas heater affected the submicron fraction only and did not affect the micron fraction.
气溶胶粒子的室内-室外关系受多种机制的影响，包括穿透率、通风率、干沉降率和源。了解这些因素的影响对于更深入地了解室内-室外关系至关重要。在实际情况下，很难在自然通风的环境中分析这些因素。在这项研究中，使用一个自然通风和一个有人居住的公寓，通过应用两种不同的技术——单参数分析和室内气溶胶模型模拟，来研究气溶胶粒子的室内-室外关系。室内气溶胶模型模拟方法可以根据高时间分辨率的计算来描述这些因素的影响，它是一种强大而稳健的方法。单参数分析非常简单易用，但它在某些条件下才有效。在没有室内活动（即夜间）的情况下，根据粒子数浓度，春季的 I/O 比<1，但冬季约为 1.2。根据粗颗粒的室内气溶胶模型模拟结果，穿透因子（P）为 0.3-1，通风率（λ）为 0.1-2h，沉积率（λ）约为 0.15h。粗颗粒浓度受到室内活动的强烈影响。在极端机械活动（例如吸尘）期间，浓度增加了 9 倍（源强度约为 160 个/小时）。在儿童玩耍期间，粗颗粒浓度增加了 3 倍（源强度约为 10 个/小时）。喷洒杀虫剂会使粗颗粒浓度增加 9 倍（源强度约为 420 个/小时）。水烟烟草产生了大量的微米和亚微米颗粒物质；它使粗颗粒浓度显著增加了 18 倍（源强度约为 140 个/小时）。天然气加热器的使用仅影响亚微米部分，而不影响微米部分。
