Hassen Kalkidan, Gizaw Getu, Belachew Tefera
1 Department of Population and Family Health, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Food Nutr Bull. 2017 Jun;38(2):196-208. doi: 10.1177/0379572117701660. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Substantial evidence is emerging on the coexistence of double burden of malnutrition on adolescents of low-income countries, shaping the health challenges of the upcoming adult generation for the worst. Whether nutritional status markers of adolescents in the cash crop setting are on par with economic gains remains uncertain. Thus, we investigated the nutritional outcomes of adolescents and their determinants in coffee farming households.
The survey was carried out in 3 top coffee-producing districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Five hundred fifty mothers/caregivers and their respective adolescents were selected using multistage random sampling. Anthropometric data were converted into height-for-age and body-mass-index-for-age Z scores using WHO Anthroplus software and analyzed by SPSS for windows.
Prevalence of thinness, stunting, and overweight/obesity were 11.6%, 15.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. The odds of stunting among adolescents in households in the lowest wealth tertile was nearly 6-fold higher compared to the highest tertile (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.6 [2.6-12]). Conversely, the odds of overweight/obesity was higher among adolescents in the households in the middle wealth tertile (AOR = 2.72 [1.08-6.86]) compared to the highest tertile. Adolescents living in households with low-dependent age-groups were more than twice likely to be overweight/obese (AOR = 2.58 [1.06-6.24]).
The current study revealed the presence of substantial dual burden of malnutrition. In such a setting, it is critical to draw a fine line and trade-off for eliminating morbidity and mortality of undernutrition, without triggering the risk of overweight/obesity.
关于低收入国家青少年营养不良双重负担并存的大量证据正在浮现，这对即将到来的成年一代的健康构成了最严峻的挑战。在经济作物种植地区，青少年的营养状况指标是否与经济收益相匹配仍不确定。因此，我们调查了咖啡种植农户中青少年的营养状况及其决定因素。
该调查在埃塞俄比亚吉马地区的3个主要咖啡生产区进行。采用多阶段随机抽样选择了550名母亲/照顾者及其各自的青少年。使用WHO Anthroplus软件将人体测量数据转换为年龄别身高和年龄别体重指数Z评分，并通过SPSS for windows进行分析。
消瘦、发育迟缓以及超重/肥胖的患病率分别为11.6%、15.6%和7.1%。财富水平最低三分位数家庭中的青少年发育迟缓几率比最高三分位数家庭高出近6倍（调整后的优势比[AOR]=5.6[2.6 - 12]）。相反，与最高三分位数家庭相比，财富水平中等三分位数家庭中的青少年超重/肥胖几率更高（AOR = 2.72[1.08 - 6.86]）。年龄抚养比低的家庭中的青少年超重/肥胖的可能性是其他家庭的两倍多（AOR = 2.58[1.06 - 6.24]）。
当前研究揭示了严重的营养不良双重负担的存在。在这种情况下，关键是要在消除营养不良的发病率和死亡率与不引发超重/肥胖风险之间找到平衡并进行权衡。
