Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
Department of Reproductive Health and Health Service Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 15;16(1):e0245456. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245456. eCollection 2021.
Nutrition transition in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has led to shift in childhood nutritional outcomes from a predominance of undernutrition to a double burden of under- and overnutrition. Yet, policies that address undernutrition often times do not include overnutrition nor do policies on overweight, obesity reflect the challenges of undernutrition. It is therefore crucial to assess the prevalence and determinants of concurrence stunting and overweight/obesity to better inform nutrition programs in Ethiopia and beyond.
We analyzed anthropometric, sociodemographic and dietary data of children under five years of age from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 8,714 children were included in the current study. Concurrence of stunting and overweight/obesity (CSO) prevalence was estimated by basic, underlying and immediate factors. To identify factors associated with CSO, we conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses.
The overall prevalence of CSO was 1.99% (95% CI, 1.57-2.53). The odds of CSO was significantly higher in children in agrarian region compared to their counter parts in the pastoralist region (AOR = 1.51). Other significant factors included; not having improved toilet facility (AOR = 1.94), being younger than 12 months (AOR = 4.22), not having history of infection (AOR = 1.83) and not having taken deworming tablet within the previous six months (AOR = 1.49).
Our study provided evidence on the co-existence of stunting and overweight/obesity among infants and young children in Ethiopia. Therefore, identifying children at risk of growth flattering and excess weight gain provides nutrition policies and programs in Ethiopia and beyond with an opportunity of earlier interventions through improving sanitation, dietary quality by targeting children under five years of age and those living in Agrarian regions of Ethiopia.
在许多低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs），营养转型导致儿童营养状况的转变，从以营养不良为主转变为营养不良和营养过剩的双重负担。然而，解决营养不良问题的政策往往不包括营养过剩问题，超重和肥胖问题的政策也没有反映出营养不良的挑战。因此，评估发育迟缓与超重/肥胖同时存在的流行情况和决定因素，对于改善埃塞俄比亚乃至其他国家的营养计划至关重要。
我们分析了 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）中五岁以下儿童的人体测量学、社会人口学和饮食数据。共有 8714 名儿童纳入本研究。通过基本、潜在和直接因素来估计发育迟缓与超重/肥胖同时存在（CSO）的流行率。为了确定与 CSO 相关的因素，我们进行了分层逻辑回归分析。
CSO 的总体流行率为 1.99%（95%CI，1.57-2.53）。与牧民地区的儿童相比，农业地区的儿童 CSO 的可能性显著更高（AOR=1.51）。其他显著因素包括：没有改善的卫生设施（AOR=1.94）、年龄小于 12 个月（AOR=4.22）、没有感染史（AOR=1.83）和过去六个月内没有服用驱虫药（AOR=1.49）。
我们的研究提供了埃塞俄比亚婴幼儿同时存在发育迟缓与超重/肥胖的证据。因此，通过改善环境卫生、针对五岁以下儿童和埃塞俄比亚农业地区儿童改善饮食质量，为埃塞俄比亚乃至其他国家的营养政策和计划提供了机会，以便更早地对有生长迟缓风险和体重增加过多的儿童进行干预。
