Negligible effect of eNOS palmitoylation on fatty acid regulation of contraction in ventricular myocytes from healthy and hypertensive rats.

S-palmitoylation is an important post-translational modification that affects the translocation and the activity of target proteins in a variety of cell types including cardiomyocytes. Since endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is known to be palmitoylated and the activity of eNOS is essential in fatty acid-dependent β-oxidation in muscle, we aimed to test whether palmitoylation of eNOS is involved in palmitic acid (PA) regulation of left ventricular (LV) myocyte contraction from healthy (sham) and hypertensive (HTN) rats. Our results showed that PA, a predominant metabolic substrate for cardiac β-oxidation, significantly increased contraction and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in LV myocytes from sham. Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) or eNOS gene deletion prevented PA regulation of the myocyte contraction or OCR, indicating the pivotal role of eNOS in mediating the effects of PA in cardiac myocytes. PA increased the palmitoylation of eNOS in LV myocytes and depalmitoylation with 2-bromopalmitate (2BP; 100 μM) abolished the increment. Furthermore, although PA did not increase eNOS-Ser, 2BP reduced eNOS-Ser with and without PA. Intriguingly, PA-induced increases in contraction and OCR were unaffected by 2BP treatment. In HTN, PA did not affect eNOS palmitoylation, eNOS-Ser, or myocyte contraction. However, 2BP diminished eNOS palmitoylation and eNOS-Ser in the presence and absence of PA but did not change myocyte contraction. Collectively, our results confirm eNOS palmitoylation in LV myocytes from sham and HTN rats and its upregulation by PA in sham. However, such post-transcriptional modification plays negligible role in PA regulation of myocyte contraction and mitochondrial activity in sham and HTN.