Jovanović Boris
Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2017 May;13(3):510-515. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1913.
The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the United States Microbead Free Waters Act are credited for being ambitious in their goals for protecting the marine environment from microplastics pollution. As a result, the microplastic pollution of marine environments and the incidence of microplastic ingestion by fish is rapidly receiving an increase in overdue attention. This commentary summarizes recent discoveries regarding the potential negative effects of micro- and nanoplastic ingestion by fish. Analysis shows that the occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of fish is ephemeral, with low accumulation potential in the gastrointestinal tract, although translocation to the liver may occur. Nevertheless, the total load of micro- and nanoplastics that will pass through the gastrointestinal tract of a fish in its lifetime is likely high and will keep increasing in the future. This may pose a risk because there is evidence that micro- and nanoplastic ingestion can interfere with fish health. Observed effects of microplastics ingestion include (but are not necessarily limited to) intestinal blockage, physical damage, histopathological alterations in the intestines, change in behavior, change in lipid metabolism, and transfer to the liver. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:510-515. © 2017 SETAC.
欧洲海洋战略框架指令和美国《无微珠水域法案》因其在保护海洋环境免受微塑料污染方面设定的宏伟目标而备受赞誉。因此，海洋环境中的微塑料污染以及鱼类摄入微塑料的发生率正迅速受到越来越多的关注。本评论总结了近期关于鱼类摄入微塑料和纳米塑料潜在负面影响的发现。分析表明，微塑料在鱼类胃肠道中的出现是短暂的，在胃肠道中的积累潜力较低，尽管可能会转移到肝脏。然而，鱼类一生中通过其胃肠道的微塑料和纳米塑料的总量可能很高，并且未来还会持续增加。这可能构成风险，因为有证据表明摄入微塑料和纳米塑料会干扰鱼类健康。观察到的摄入微塑料的影响包括（但不一定限于）肠道堵塞、物理损伤、肠道组织病理学改变、行为变化、脂质代谢变化以及转移到肝脏。《综合环境评估与管理》2017年；13：510 - 515。© 2017 SETAC。
