Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2018 Jun 1;28(16):1516-1532. doi: 10.1089/ars.2017.7119. Epub 2017 May 18.
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is the most prevalent sulfur-containing gas in the Earth's atmosphere, and it plays important roles in the global sulfur cycle. COS has been implicated in origin of life peptide ligation, is the primary energy source for certain bacteria, and has been detected in mammalian systems. Despite this long and intertwined history with terrestrial biology, limited attention has focused on potential roles of COS as a biological mediator. Recent Advances: Although bacterial COS production is well documented, definitive sources of mammalian COS production have not been confirmed. Enzymatic COS consumption in mammals, however, is well documented and occurs primarily by carbonic anhydrase (CA)-mediated conversion to hydrogen sulfide (HS). COS has been detected in ex vivo mammalian tissue culture, as well as in exhaled breath as a potential biomarker for different disease pathologies, including cystic fibrosis and organ rejection. Recently, chemical tools for COS delivery have emerged and are poised to advance future investigations into the role of COS in different biological contexts.
Possible roles of COS as an important biomolecule, gasotransmitter, or sulfide transport intermediate remain to be determined. Key advances in both biological and chemical tools for COS research are needed to further investigate these questions.
Further evaluation of the biological roles of COS and disentangling the chemical biology of COS from that of HS are needed to further elucidate these interactions. Chemical tools for COS delivery and modulation may provide a first avenue of investigative tools to answer many of these questions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1516-1532.
羰基硫 (COS) 是地球大气中最普遍的含硫气体，它在全球硫循环中发挥着重要作用。COS 被认为与生命起源的肽键形成有关，是某些细菌的主要能量来源，并且在哺乳动物系统中也有检测到。尽管它与陆地生物学有着悠久而复杂的历史，但人们对 COS 作为一种生物介质的潜在作用关注有限。
虽然细菌 COS 的产生已有充分的记录，但哺乳动物 COS 产生的明确来源尚未得到证实。然而，哺乳动物中 COS 的酶促消耗已有充分的记录，主要是通过碳酸酐酶（CA）介导转化为硫化氢（HS）。COS 已在离体哺乳动物组织培养中以及呼出的呼吸中被检测到，作为不同疾病病理的潜在生物标志物，包括囊性纤维化和器官排斥。最近，出现了用于 COS 传递的化学工具，有望推进未来对 COS 在不同生物学背景下的作用的研究。
COS 作为一种重要的生物分子、气体递质或硫化物转运中间体的可能作用仍有待确定。需要在生物和化学工具方面取得关键进展，以进一步研究这些问题。
需要进一步评估 COS 的生物学作用，并厘清 COS 的化学生物学与 HS 的化学生物学，以进一步阐明这些相互作用。COS 传递和调节的化学工具可能为回答许多这些问题提供了第一个研究工具途径。抗氧化。氧化还原信号。28，1516-1532。
