Venkatesh Manchikanti, Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha Vellathussery, Duraipandi Manju Bashini, Gulati Reena
Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.
Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.
BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Apr 26;2017:bcr-2017-219337. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219337.
Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a rare inflammatory syndrome presenting as cerebellar dysfunction, seen more frequently in children. AC can have a variable course with features of cerebellar dysfunction, raised intracranial pressure and neurological deficits, and can sometimes even be potentially fatal due to complications such as obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem compression, warranting surgical intervention. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with raised intracranial pressure and ataxia. Imaging with CT and MRI showed AC with obstructive hydrocephalus and tonsillar herniation. He was managed with medications for raised intracranial pressure and with ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and he recovered completely over a period of 2 weeks. Imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of AC and in differentiating it from acute cerebellar ataxia, which has a more benign course. It is crucial to diagnose and promptly manage the rarely occurring but life-threatening complications of AC.
急性小脑炎（AC）是一种罕见的炎症综合征，表现为小脑功能障碍，在儿童中更为常见。AC的病程可能多变，具有小脑功能障碍、颅内压升高和神经功能缺损等特征，有时甚至可能因梗阻性脑积水和脑干受压等并发症而危及生命，需要进行手术干预。我们报告一例12岁男孩，表现为颅内压升高和共济失调。CT和MRI成像显示为AC伴梗阻性脑积水和扁桃体疝。他接受了降低颅内压的药物治疗和脑室腹腔分流术，并在2周内完全康复。影像学在AC的诊断以及将其与病程更为良性的急性小脑性共济失调相鉴别方面具有重要作用。诊断并及时处理AC罕见但危及生命的并发症至关重要。
