Kushi L H, Folsom A R, Jacobs D R, Luepker R V, Elmer P J, Blackburn H
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1988 Oct;88(10):1230-6.
To explore whether dietary patterns differ according to educational attainment, we examined the associations of nutrient intake with educational level in a sample of 825 male and 893 female Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) residents aged 25 to 74 years who were surveyed between 1980 and 1982. Of particular interest was the pattern of macronutrient consumption, since the proportion of fat and type of fat in the diet is thought to be related to the development of chronic disease. Estimates of nutrient intake were based on 24-hour dietary recalls, while information on education was obtained through interview. Educational attainment was positively associated with nutrient consumption patterns that may decrease risk of chronic disease for both men and women. For women, the proportion of dietary fat was less (p = .03) and carbohydrate greater (p = .004) with increasing education. For men, the Keys dietary score decreased as education increased (p = .05) (high scores indicate greater blood cholesterol-raising effect of the diet). Inverse associations of average total serum cholesterol level with education in both men (p = .02) and women (p = .06) support these dietary associations. These results suggest that educational attainment is related positively to eating patterns that may carry a decreased risk of cardiovascular and other chronic disease. Whether or not this association is causal, it would appear to point to a need for more effective nutrition education strategies for those with less education.
为探究饮食模式是否因教育程度而异，我们在1980年至1982年期间对年龄在25至74岁之间的825名男性和893名女性双城（明尼阿波利斯和圣保罗）居民进行了调查，研究了营养素摄入量与教育水平之间的关联。特别值得关注的是常量营养素的消费模式，因为饮食中脂肪的比例和脂肪类型被认为与慢性病的发展有关。营养素摄入量的估计基于24小时饮食回顾，而教育信息则通过访谈获得。教育程度与可能降低男性和女性慢性病风险的营养素消费模式呈正相关。对于女性而言，随着教育程度的提高，膳食脂肪的比例降低（p = 0.03），碳水化合物的比例增加（p = 0.004）。对于男性，随着教育程度的提高，基斯饮食评分降低（p = 0.05）（高分表明饮食对血液胆固醇升高的影响更大）。男性（p = 0.02）和女性（p = 0.06）中平均总血清胆固醇水平与教育程度的负相关支持了这些饮食关联。这些结果表明，教育程度与可能降低心血管疾病和其他慢性病风险的饮食模式呈正相关。无论这种关联是否具有因果关系，似乎都表明需要为受教育程度较低的人群制定更有效的营养教育策略。
