Department of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, NUS, Singapore.
Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work and Legal Specialties, College of Social Justice and Human Service, Health and Human Services Building, University of Toledo, Ohio.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2018 Jun 14;73(5):e69-e80. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbx043.
Using resilience theory, we examined multiple risks (individual, familial, and mistreatment characteristics) and promotive factors (mastery and social support) associated with perceived quality of life following mistreatment and tested two competing models, compensatory and protective models, to explain the role of promotive factors in the mistreatment-wellbeing linkage.
Face-to-face interviews were conducted by administering standardized instruments to 897 randomly selected older adults in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Information from 187 older adults, who, in the interview had reported mistreatment in the past 1 year formed the analysis. Quality of life following mistreatment was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Mistreatment was measured by an adapted version of the Conflict Tactics Scale.
Being single, hailing from a low income family, experiencing high levels of relationship strain, and experiencing more than one type of mistreatment were associated with decreased quality of life. High levels of mastery and social support were associated with high levels of quality of life following mistreatment. There was support for both compensatory and protective-reactive models of resilience. Some of the resources that counteract the negative effects of adversities and mistreatment appear to be effective only at lower levels of mistreatment.
Quality of life following mistreatment was influenced by multiple risk and promotive factors, results that are consistent with resilience theory. Concerted efforts must be undertaken to bolster protective factors and minimize risk factors to enhance quality of life following mistreatment.
利用韧性理论，我们研究了与虐待后生活质量感知相关的多个风险因素（个体、家庭和虐待特征）和促进因素（掌控感和社会支持），并检验了两种竞争性模型，即补偿和保护模型，以解释促进因素在虐待与健康之间关系中的作用。
通过向印度泰米尔纳德邦农村地区随机抽取的 897 名老年人进行面对面访谈，利用标准化工具进行调查。分析的对象是在访谈中报告过去 1 年内遭受过虐待的 187 名老年人。采用生活满意度量表来衡量虐待后的生活质量。通过改编后的冲突策略量表来衡量虐待行为。
单身、来自低收入家庭、经历高水平的关系紧张以及经历多种类型的虐待与生活质量下降有关。高水平的掌控感和社会支持与虐待后生活质量较高有关。补偿和保护反应模型都得到了支持。一些抵消逆境和虐待负面影响的资源似乎仅在较低水平的虐待下才有效。
虐待后的生活质量受到多种风险和促进因素的影响，这与韧性理论的结果一致。必须共同努力，增强保护因素，减少风险因素，以提高虐待后的生活质量。
