Rossner Alan, Jordan Carolyn E, Wake Cameron, Soto-Garcia Lydia
a Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , NY , USA.
b National Institute of Aerospace , Hampton , VA , USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2017 Oct;67(10):1066-1079. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1321054.
The interest in biomass fuel is continuing to expand globally and in the northeastern United States as wood pellets are becoming a primary source of fuel for residential and small commercial systems. Wood pellets for boilers are often stored in basement storage rooms or large bag-type containers. Due to the enclosed nature of these storage areas, the atmosphere may exhibit increased levels of carbon monoxide. Serious accidents in Europe have been reported over the last decade in which high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) have been found in or near bulk pellet storage containers. The aim of this study was to characterize the CO concentrations in areas with indoor storage of bulk wood pellets. Data was obtained over approximately 7 months (December 2013 to June 2014) at 25 sites in New Hampshire and Massachusetts: 16 homes using wood pellet boilers with indoor pellet storage containers greater than or equal to 3 ton capacity; 4 homes with wood pellet heating systems with outdoor pellet storage; 4 homes using other heating fuels; and a university laboratory site. CO monitors were set up in homes to collect concentrations of CO in the immediate vicinity of wood pellet storage containers, and data were then compared to those of homes using fossil fuel systems. The homes monitored in this study provided a diverse set of housing stock spanning two and a half centuries of construction, with homes built from 1774 to 2013, representing a range of air exchange rates. The CO concentration data from each home was averaged hourly and then compared to a threshold of 9 ppm. While concentrations of CO were generally low for the homes studied, the need to properly design storage locations for pellets is and will remain a necessary component of wood pellet heating systems to minimize the risk of CO exposure.
This paper is an assessment of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure from bulk wood pellet storage in homes in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Understanding the CO concentrations in homes allows for better designs for storage bins and ventilation for storage areas. Hence, uniform policies for stored wood pellets in homes, schools, and businesses can be framed to ensure occupant safety. Currently in New York State rebates for the installation of wood pellet boilers are only provided if the bulk pellet storage is outside of the home, yet states such as New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine currently do not have these restrictions.
全球以及美国东北部对生物质燃料的兴趣持续增长，因为木屑颗粒正成为住宅和小型商业系统的主要燃料来源。用于锅炉的木屑颗粒通常储存在地下室储藏室或大型袋式容器中。由于这些储存区域的封闭性质，其空气中一氧化碳水平可能会升高。过去十年间，欧洲曾报道过严重事故，在散装颗粒储存容器内或附近发现了高浓度一氧化碳（CO）。本研究的目的是描述室内储存散装木屑颗粒区域的一氧化碳浓度特征。在新罕布什尔州和马萨诸塞州的25个地点，历时约7个月（2013年12月至2014年6月）获取数据：16户家庭使用容量大于或等于3吨的室内木屑颗粒储存容器的木屑颗粒锅炉；4户家庭采用室外颗粒储存的木屑颗粒供暖系统；4户家庭使用其他供暖燃料；以及一个大学实验室地点。在家庭中设置一氧化碳监测器，以收集木屑颗粒储存容器附近的一氧化碳浓度，然后将数据与使用化石燃料系统的家庭的数据进行比较。本研究中监测的家庭提供了跨越两个半世纪建筑历史的多样化住房样本，房屋建造时间从1774年至2013年不等，代表了一系列的空气交换率。每个家庭的一氧化碳浓度数据按小时进行平均，然后与9 ppm的阈值进行比较。虽然所研究家庭的一氧化碳浓度总体较低，但为颗粒妥善设计储存位置过去是、将来也仍将是木屑颗粒供暖系统的必要组成部分，以尽量降低一氧化碳暴露风险。
本文是对新罕布什尔州和马萨诸塞州家庭中散装木屑颗粒储存导致的一氧化碳（CO）暴露情况的评估。了解家庭中的一氧化碳浓度有助于更好地设计储存箱和储存区域的通风系统。因此，可以制定针对家庭、学校和企业中储存木屑颗粒的统一政策，以确保居住者安全。目前在纽约州，只有当散装颗粒储存在房屋外部时，才会提供安装木屑颗粒锅炉的回扣，而新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州和缅因州等州目前没有这些限制。
