Knutson Allen E, Giles K L, Royer T A, Elliott N C, Bradford N
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Dallas, TX 75252 (
Corresponding author, e-mail:
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Jun 1;110(3):1052-1061. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox088.
The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor Say, is an important pest of winter wheat in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. As larvae feed behind the leaf sheath, infestations often go undetected until crop damage is evident, and there are no remedial actions that can prevent economic loss once a field is infested. The recent discovery of the sex-attractant pheromone of the Hessian fly provides an opportunity to use pheromone traps to detect and monitor adult activity and potentially better manage this pest. Adult male Hessian fly activity was monitored during 4 yr at six locations from northcentral Oklahoma, 36° N latitude, south to central Texas, 31° N latitude. In Oklahoma, trap captures were low in the fall, no flies were captured during the winter, and the largest number of flies was captured in the spring. However, in southcentral Texas, adults were captured throughout the fall, winter, and in the spring when trap captures were again the greatest. The relationship between trap captures and density of Hessian fly larvae per tiller was investigated during the fall and spring. Although large numbers of adults (>100 per trap per day) were often captured, economic infestation of larvae rarely developed. Results identify optimum times for field sampling to determine immature Hessian fly infestations in wheat in Oklahoma and Texas.
小麦瘿蚊（Mayetiola destructor Say）是美国大平原南部冬小麦的一种重要害虫。由于幼虫在叶鞘后取食，往往在作物受损明显之前，虫害难以被察觉，而且一旦田地受到侵染，没有补救措施能够防止经济损失。最近发现的小麦瘿蚊性引诱信息素为利用信息素诱捕器检测和监测成虫活动以及更好地防治这种害虫提供了机会。在4年时间里，对从北纬36°的俄克拉何马州中北部到北纬31°的得克萨斯州中部的6个地点的成年雄性小麦瘿蚊活动进行了监测。在俄克拉何马州，秋季诱捕器捕获量较低，冬季未捕获到成虫，春季捕获的成虫数量最多。然而，在得克萨斯州中南部，整个秋季、冬季以及春季（此时诱捕器捕获量再次达到最高）都捕获到了成虫。在秋季和春季研究了诱捕器捕获量与每分蘖小麦瘿蚊幼虫密度之间的关系。尽管经常捕获到大量成虫（每个诱捕器每天>100只），但幼虫的经济危害很少发生。研究结果确定了在俄克拉何马州和得克萨斯州对小麦田进行田间采样以确定未成熟小麦瘿蚊侵染情况的最佳时间。
