Jermakian Jessica S, Bao Shan, Buonarosa Mary Lynn, Sayer James R, Farmer Charles M
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201, United States.
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, United States.
J Safety Res. 2017 Jun;61:65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.02.013. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
Crash warning systems have been shown to provide safety benefits, but no studies have examined how teenagers respond. This study sought to find out whether young, inexperienced drivers change behavior in response to warnings.
Forty 16-17 year-olds drove an instrumented vehicle equipped with a system that warned for lane departures and potential rear-end and lane change/merge crashes. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups, and their driving was monitored for 14weeks during 2011-12. For the experimental group, this included a treatment period, when crash alerts were received by drivers, and baseline and post-treatment periods, when warnings were recorded but not received. The control group never received warnings. Data were analyzed to determine whether warnings were associated with changes in driving behavior.
A total of 15,039 trips were analyzed. Lane drifts accounted for 73% of warnings. Forward collision warning rates doubled for all drivers during the treatment period and continued at an increased rate post-treatment. This was likely a result of the fact that, as time went on, all drivers spent more time following vehicles at close distances. Receiving alerts was associated with effects on following and lane-changing behavior, including more time spent following at close distances (17%), fewer lateral drifts (37%) and fewer unsignaled lane changes (80%). Receiving warnings wasn't associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in secondary tasks.
Warning systems may result in improved lane-keeping and turn-signal behaviors by novice drivers, but there is some indication they may result in more close-following behaviors.
There is some evidence that lane departure warning may improve turn-signal use for young drivers. While there is no evidence of safety benefits from the other types of warnings, there is some evidence of an increase in close-following behavior but no increase in secondary tasks due to the presence of those capabilities.
碰撞预警系统已被证明具有安全效益，但尚无研究探讨青少年对此的反应。本研究旨在查明年轻、缺乏经验的驾驶员是否会因预警而改变行为。
40名16至17岁的青少年驾驶一辆配备了车道偏离、潜在追尾和变道/汇入碰撞预警系统的仪器车辆。参与者被随机分配到实验组或对照组，并在2011年至2012年期间对其驾驶情况进行了14周的监测。对于实验组，这包括一个处理期，即驾驶员接收碰撞警报的时期，以及基线期和处理后期，即记录但未接收警告的时期。对照组从未收到警告。对数据进行分析，以确定警告是否与驾驶行为的变化相关。
共分析了15039次行程。车道偏移占警告的73%。在处理期，所有驾驶员的前方碰撞预警率翻了一番，处理后期继续上升。这可能是因为随着时间的推移，所有驾驶员都花更多时间近距离跟车。接收警报与对跟车和变道行为的影响有关，包括更多时间近距离跟车（17%）、更少横向偏移（37%）和更少无信号变道（80%）。接收警告与从事次要任务的可能性增加无关。
预警系统可能会使新手驾驶员的车道保持和转向灯使用行为得到改善，但有迹象表明，这可能会导致更多近距离跟车行为。
有证据表明，车道偏离预警可能会改善年轻驾驶员的转向灯使用。虽然没有证据表明其他类型的预警具有安全效益，但有证据表明近距离跟车行为有所增加，且由于这些功能的存在，次要任务没有增加。
