Kidd David G, Buonarosa Mary Lynn
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, United States.
J Safety Res. 2017 Jun;61:177-185. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.02.017. Epub 2017 Mar 11.
Negative reinforcement from crash warnings may reduce the likelihood that drivers engage in distracted driving. Alternatively, drivers may compensate for the perceived safety benefit of crash warnings by engaging in distractions more frequently, especially at higher speeds. The purpose of this study was to examine whether warning feedback from an integrated vehicle-based safety system affected the likelihood that various secondary behaviors were present among drivers ages 16-17, 20-30, 40-50, and 60-70.
Participants drove an instrumented sedan with various collision warning systems for an extended period. Ten 5-second video clips were randomly sampled from driving periods at speeds above 25mph and below 5mph each week for each driver and coded for the presence of 11 secondary behaviors.
At least one secondary behavior was present in 46% of video clips; conversing with a passenger (17%), personal grooming (9%), and cellphone conversation (6%) were the most common. The likelihood that at least one secondary behavior was present was not significantly different during periods when drivers received warnings relative to periods without warnings. At least one secondary behavior was 21% more likely to be present at speeds below 5mph relative to speeds above 25mph; however, the effect of vehicle speed was not significantly affected by warning presence. Separate models for each of the five most common secondary behaviors also indicated that warnings had no significant effect on the likelihood that each behavior was present.
Collision warnings were not associated with significant increases or decreases in the overall likelihood that teen and adult drivers engaged in secondary behaviors or the likelihood of the behaviors at speeds above 25mph or below 5mph.
There was no evidence that forward collision warning and other technologies like those in this study will increase or decrease distracted driving.
碰撞警告带来的负强化作用可能会降低驾驶员分心驾驶的可能性。或者，驾驶员可能会通过更频繁地进行分心行为来抵消碰撞警告所带来的感知安全益处，尤其是在较高车速时。本研究的目的是检验基于车辆的集成安全系统的警告反馈是否会影响16 - 17岁、20 - 30岁、40 - 50岁和60 - 70岁驾驶员出现各种次要行为的可能性。
参与者驾驶一辆配备各种碰撞警告系统的仪器化轿车较长时间。每周从每位驾驶员车速高于25英里/小时和低于5英里/小时的驾驶时段中随机抽取10个5秒的视频片段，并对11种次要行为的出现情况进行编码。
46%的视频片段中至少出现了一种次要行为；与乘客交谈（17%）、个人仪容整理（9%）和手机通话（6%）是最常见的。驾驶员收到警告期间与未收到警告期间相比，至少出现一种次要行为的可能性没有显著差异。相对于车速高于25英里/小时，车速低于5英里/小时时至少出现一种次要行为的可能性高21%；然而，警告的存在对车速的影响并不显著。针对五种最常见次要行为分别建立的模型也表明，警告对每种行为出现的可能性没有显著影响。
碰撞警告与青少年和成年驾驶员出现次要行为的总体可能性显著增加或减少无关，也与车速高于25英里/小时或低于5英里/小时时这些行为出现的可能性无关。
没有证据表明前碰撞警告以及本研究中的其他类似技术会增加或减少分心驾驶。
