Dzurec Laura Cox, Kennison Monica, Gillen Patricia
School of Nursing, Widener University, Chester, PA.
Nursing Program, Berea College, Berea, KY.
Nurs Outlook. 2017 Sep-Oct;65(5):588-596. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.01.012. Epub 2017 Feb 7.
Bullying occurs frequently-and with significant negative outcomes-in workplace settings. Once established, bullying endures in the workplace, requiring the interaction of a bully perpetrator and an intended target who takes on the role of victim. Not every target becomes a victim, however. The purpose of this study is to investigate the processes by which targets, intended objects of bullies' affronts, become victims, those individuals who experience ongoing emotional injury in response to bullies' affronts, and to clarify how bullying victimization impedes inclusive excellence in the workplace.
The design for this study was pragmatic utility, an inductive research approach grounded in assumptions of hermeneutics.
The pragmatic utility process involved the investigators' synthesis of descriptions from a broad, interdisciplinary published literature. Integrating knowledge from their previous research and practice experiences with the pragmatic utility process, they derived qualitative features of victims' experiences, differentiating target from victim in bullying encounters.
For those targets who ultimately are victimized, response to bullies' affronts extends far beyond the immediate present. Redolence of personal, lived experience revives bygone vulnerabilities, and naïve communication and relationship expectations reinforce a long-standing, impoverished sense. That sense couples with workplace dynamics to augment a context of exclusion.
Findings suggest that, as Heidegger contended, we are our histories. Personal history demonstrates a significance influence on the manifestation of bullying victimization, acting to distance them from their workplace peers and to impede inclusive excellence.
职场霸凌频繁发生，且会产生严重的负面后果。一旦形成，职场霸凌便会持续存在，需要霸凌者与扮演受害者角色的目标对象之间产生互动。然而，并非每个目标对象都会成为受害者。本研究的目的是调查目标对象（即霸凌者攻击的对象）成为受害者（即那些因霸凌者的攻击而遭受持续情感伤害的人）的过程，并阐明职场霸凌受害如何阻碍职场中的包容性卓越。
本研究的设计采用实用主义，这是一种基于诠释学假设的归纳研究方法。
实用主义过程包括研究人员对广泛的跨学科已发表文献中的描述进行综合。他们将先前研究和实践经验中的知识与实用主义过程相结合，得出受害者经历的定性特征，区分霸凌遭遇中的目标对象和受害者。
对于那些最终成为受害者的目标对象来说，对霸凌者攻击的反应远远超出当下。个人生活经历的气息唤起了过去的脆弱性，天真的沟通和关系期望强化了一种长期存在的匮乏感。这种感觉与职场动态相结合，加剧了一种排斥的环境。
研究结果表明，正如海德格尔所主张的，我们就是我们的历史。个人历史对职场霸凌受害的表现具有重大影响，使其与职场同事产生距离，并阻碍包容性卓越。
