Cheval Boris, Audrin Catherine, Sarrazin Philippe, Pelletier Luc
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada.
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
Appetite. 2017 Sep 1;116:99-107. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.028. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
Hunger indirectly triggers unhealthy high-calorie food consumption through its positive effect on the incentive value (or "wanting") for food. Yet, not everyone consumes unhealthy food in excess, suggesting that some individuals react differently when they are exposed to unhealthy high-calorie food, even when they are hungry. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether individual differences in impulsive approach tendencies toward food may explain how, and for whom, hunger will influence unhealthy food consumption through its effect on food wanting. A complementary goal was to explore whether these individual differences also influence healthy food consumption.
Students (N = 70) completed a questionnaire measuring their hunger and food wanting. Then, they performed a manikin task designed to evaluate their impulsive approach tendencies toward unhealthy food (IAUF) and healthy food (IAHF). The main outcomes variables were the amount of sweets (i.e., unhealthy food) and raisins (i.e., healthy food) consumed during a product-testing task.
A moderated mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect of hunger on unhealthy consumption through food wanting was moderated by IAHF. Specifically, hunger positively predicted sweets consumption through wanting for food among individuals with a low or moderate, but not high IAHF. The moderated mediation pattern was, however, not confirmed for IAUF. Finally, results revealed a direct and positive effect of IAHF on raisins consumption.
These findings showed that IAHF play a protective role by preventing hunger to indirectly increase unhealthy food consumption through wanting for food. It confirms the importance of considering how individuals may differ in their impulsive approach tendencies toward food to better understand why some individuals will increase their unhealthy food intake when they are hungry, whereas other will not.
饥饿通过对食物的激励价值（或“渴望”）产生积极影响，间接引发不健康的高热量食物消费。然而，并非每个人都会过度消费不健康食品，这表明即使在饥饿时，有些人在接触不健康的高热量食物时也会有不同的反应。本研究的目的是调查个体在对食物的冲动趋近倾向方面的差异，是否可以解释饥饿如何以及对哪些人通过影响对食物的渴望来影响不健康食品的消费。一个补充目标是探讨这些个体差异是否也会影响健康食品的消费。
学生（N = 70）完成了一份测量他们饥饿程度和对食物渴望程度的问卷。然后，他们进行了一项人体模型任务，旨在评估他们对不健康食品（IAUF）和健康食品（IAHF）的冲动趋近倾向。主要的结果变量是在产品测试任务中食用的糖果（即不健康食品）和葡萄干（即健康食品）的量。
一项有调节的中介分析表明，饥饿通过对食物的渴望对不健康消费的间接影响受到IAHF的调节。具体而言，在IAHF低或中等但非高的个体中，饥饿通过对食物的渴望正向预测糖果消费。然而，IAUF的有调节的中介模式未得到证实。最后，结果显示IAHF对葡萄干消费有直接的正向影响。
这些发现表明，IAHF通过防止饥饿通过对食物的渴望间接增加不健康食品消费，起到了保护作用。这证实了考虑个体在对食物的冲动趋近倾向方面可能存在的差异，对于更好地理解为什么有些人在饥饿时会增加不健康食品摄入量而其他人不会的重要性。
