Anyfanti Panagiota, Triantafyllidou Eleftheria, Papadopoulos Stavros, Triantafyllou Areti, Nikolaidis Michalis G, Kyparos Antonios, Vrabas Ioannis S, Douma Stella, Zafeiridis Andreas, Dipla Konstantina
3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
J Am Soc Hypertens. 2017 Jun;11(6):376-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
This crossover study examined whether acute cardiovascular responses, baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS), and brain oxygenation during isometric exercise are altered after cigarette smoking. Twelve young, habitual smokers randomly performed a smoking and a control protocol, during which participants smoked one cigarette (0.9 mg nicotine) or a sham cigarette, before exercise. Testing involved baseline, a 5-minute smoking, a 10-minute post-smoking rest, 3-minute handgrip exercise (30% maximum voluntary contraction), and recovery. Beat-to-beat blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and cerebral oxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy) were continuously monitored. Double-product, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and BRS were assessed. During post-smoking rest, systolic or diastolic blood pressure (140.8 ± 12.1/87.0 ± 6.9 vs. 125.9 ± 7.1/77.3 ± 5.5 mm Hg), HR, and double product were higher in the smoking versus the control protocol, whereas BRS was lower (P < .05). During handgrip exercise, smoking resulted in greater HR and double product (17,240 ± 3893 vs. 15,424 ± 3173 mm Hg·bpm) and lower BRS versus the control protocol (P < .05), without significant differences in stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance between protocols. During recovery, smoking elicited a delayed return of brain oxygenation indices, lower BRS, and higher double product. Smoking a cigarette shortly before the exercise session amplifies myocardial stress and dysregulates autonomic function and cerebral oxygenation during exercise and recovery, even in young habitual smokers, perceived as free from long-term cardiovascular effects of smoking.
这项交叉研究调查了吸烟后等长运动期间的急性心血管反应、压力感受器敏感性（BRS）和脑氧合是否发生改变。12名年轻的习惯性吸烟者随机进行吸烟和对照方案，在此期间，参与者在运动前吸一支香烟（0.9毫克尼古丁）或一支假烟。测试包括基线、5分钟吸烟、吸烟后10分钟休息、3分钟握力运动（最大自主收缩的30%）和恢复阶段。逐搏血压、心率（HR）和脑氧合（近红外光谱）被持续监测。评估双乘积、每搏输出量（SV）、心输出量、全身血管阻力和BRS。在吸烟后休息期间，吸烟组的收缩压或舒张压（140.8±12.1/87.0±6.9与125.9±7.1/77.3±5.5毫米汞柱）、HR和双乘积高于对照方案，而BRS较低（P<0.05）。在握力运动期间，与对照方案相比，吸烟导致HR和双乘积更高（17240±3893与15424±3173毫米汞柱·次/分钟），BRS更低（P<0.05），方案之间的每搏输出量和全身血管阻力无显著差异。在恢复期间，吸烟导致脑氧合指数恢复延迟、BRS降低和双乘积升高。即使在被认为没有吸烟长期心血管影响的年轻习惯性吸烟者中，在运动前短时间吸烟也会在运动和恢复期间放大心肌应激、使自主神经功能失调和脑氧合异常。
