Chiu Huei-Ling, Chu Hsin, Tsai Jui-Chen, Liu Doresses, Chen Ying-Ren, Yang Hui-Ling, Chou Kuei-Ru
School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Gangshan Branch of Armed Forces Kaohsiung General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2017 May 1;12(5):e0176742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176742. eCollection 2017.
From the perspective of disease prevention, the enhancement of cognitive function among the healthy older people has become an important issue in many countries lately. This study aim to investigate the effect of cognitive-based training on the overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function, and visual-spatial ability of the healthy older people.
Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL of selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and previous systematic reviews were searched for eligible studies. The population focused on this study were healthy older people who participated in randomized controlled trials that investigated the effectiveness of cognitive-based training. The outcomes including change in overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function, and visual-spatial ability.
We collected a total of 31 RCTs, the results showed that cognitive-based training has a moderate effect on overall cognitive function (g = 0.419; 95%CI = 0.205-0.634) and executive function (g = 0.420; 95%CI = 0.239-0.602), and a small effect on the memory (g = 0.354; 95%CI = 0.244-0.465), attention (g = 0.218; 95%CI = 0.125-0.311), and visual-spatial ability (g = 0.183;95%CI = 0.015-0.352) in healthy older people. Subgroup analysis indicated the intervention characteristics of ≧3 times each week (p = 0.042), ≧8 total training weeks (p = 0.003) and ≧24 total training sessions (p = 0.040) yields a greater effect size.
Cognitive-based training is effective for the healthy older people. This improvement can represent a clinically important benefit, provide information about the use of cognitive-based training in healthy older people, and help the healthy older people obtain the greatest possible benefit in health promotion and disease prevention.
从疾病预防的角度来看，增强健康老年人的认知功能近来已成为许多国家的一个重要问题。本研究旨在调查基于认知的训练对健康老年人的整体认知功能、记忆力、注意力、执行功能和视觉空间能力的影响。
检索Cochrane、PubMed、EMBASE、MEDLINE、PsycINFO和CINAHL中选定的随机对照试验（RCT）以及先前的系统评价，以寻找符合条件的研究。本研究关注的人群是参与调查基于认知的训练有效性的随机对照试验的健康老年人。结局包括整体认知功能、记忆力、注意力、执行功能和视觉空间能力的变化。
我们共收集了31项随机对照试验，结果表明基于认知的训练对健康老年人的整体认知功能（g = 0.419；95%CI = 0.205 - 0.634）和执行功能（g = 0.420；95%CI = 0.239 - 0.602）有中等程度的影响，对记忆力（g = 0.354；95%CI = 0.244 - 0.465）、注意力（g = 0.218；95%CI = 0.125 - 0.311）和视觉空间能力（g = 0.183；95%CI = 0.015 - 0.352）有较小影响。亚组分析表明，每周干预次数≥3次（p = 0.042）、总训练周数≥8周（p = 0.003）和总训练次数≥24次（p = 0.040）会产生更大的效应量。
基于认知的训练对健康老年人有效。这种改善可能具有临床上的重要益处，为在健康老年人中使用基于认知的训练提供信息，并帮助健康老年人在健康促进和疾病预防方面获得最大可能的益处。
