Kahan David, McKenzie Thomas L
San Diego State University, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, 5500 Campanile Drive, ENS Building 315, San Diego, CA 92182-7251.
San Diego State University, 5127 Walsh Way, San Diego, CA 92115.
J Sch Health. 2017 Jun;87(6):448-456. doi: 10.1111/josh.12516.
We assessed the associations of 5 school and 7 neighborhood variables with fifth-grade students achieving Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) or Needs Improvement-Health Risk (NI-HR) on aerobic capacity (AC) and body composition (BC) physical fitness components of the state-mandated FITNESSGRAM physical fitness test.
Data for outcome (physical fitness) and predictor (school and neighborhood) variables were extracted from various databases (eg, Data Quest, Walk Score ) for 160 schools located in San Diego, California. Predictor variables that were at least moderately correlated (|r| ≥ .30) with ≥1 outcome variables in univariate analyses were retained for ordinary least squares regression analyses.
The mean percentages of students achieving HFZ AC (65.7%) and BC (63.5%) were similar (t = 1.13, p = .26), while those for NI-HR zones were significantly different (AC = 6.0% vs BC = 18.6%; t = 12.60, p < .001). Correlations were greater in magnitude for school than neighborhood demographics and stronger for BC than AC. The school variables free/reduced-price lunch (negative) and math achievement (positive) predicted fitness scores. Among neighborhood variables, percent Hispanic predicted failure of meeting the HFZ BC criterion.
Creating school and neighborhood environments conducive to promoting physical activity and improving fitness is warranted.
我们评估了5个学校变量和7个邻里变量与五年级学生在州规定的 FITNESSGRAM 体能测试的有氧能力（AC）和身体成分（BC）体能组成部分上达到健康体能区（HFZ）或需要改进 - 健康风险（NI - HR）之间的关联。
从位于加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥的160所学校的各种数据库（如 Data Quest、步行得分）中提取结果（体能）和预测变量（学校和邻里）的数据。在单变量分析中与至少1个结果变量至少中度相关（|r|≥0.30）的预测变量被保留用于普通最小二乘法回归分析。
达到HFZ AC（65.7%）和BC（63.5%）的学生平均百分比相似（t = 1.13，p = 0.26），而NI - HR区的百分比则有显著差异（AC = 6.0% 对 BC = 18.6%；t = 12.60，p < 0.001）。学校人口统计学变量的相关性比邻里变量更强，BC的相关性比AC更强。学校变量免费/减价午餐（负相关）和数学成绩（正相关）可预测体能得分。在邻里变量中，西班牙裔百分比可预测未能达到HFZ BC标准。
有必要营造有利于促进身体活动和提高体能的学校和邻里环境。
